Effect Of Noble Cause Corruption Essay - 1159 Words

Impact of Noble-Cause Corruption Ethical decision making will have the propensity to suffer with positive results garnered by acts of noble cause corruption. Getting a sense of accomplishment through corrupt means will make an individual more likely to take shortcuts during future events. Law enforcement professionals will be more likely to go to greater extents to get the bad guy off the street. This can be dangerous to all individuals involved. It can leave the officer open to administrative, civil, and criminal proceedings. It can also increase levels of stress, sleepless nights, and create alienation from coworkers. Noble cause corruption can have the ability to impact more than just the individual. The organization and city can also be left open to civil proceedings. It can create mistrust between the organization and the public it serves. The organization would lose legitimacy, deterring witnesses and victims from cooperating with investigations. Case of Noble-Cause Corruption Let us examine a real life case of noble cause corruption. The New York Times (2008) reported that an investigation was initiated on a New York Police Department narcotics unit when Detectives Johnstone and Ofc. Alvarez claimed to have recovered 17 bags of cocaine, rather than the 28 bags they actually recovered from a drug suspect in September. The next day Detective Johnstone, in a police vehicle, was overheard on a departmental tape recording bragging to another officer about theShow MoreRelatedNoble Cause Corruption Essay1427 Words   |  6 Pagesguilty of â€Å"Noble-cause corruption.† It usually occurs in circumstances where there is little chance of being held accountable. This happens most often with police work when people think that they can get away or hide these illegal This doesnt necessarily mean that there arent laws against the action (though sometimes there arent), but the individual who commits noble cause corruption either cant be held accountable or beli eves he or she wont be held accountable. Noble cause â€Å"is a moralRead MoreEthics And Morality : A Noble Cause Corruption1196 Words   |  5 Pagespersonal gain. In some cases, unethical ways may even be illegal. Noble cause corruption is a prime example of when a person will utilize unethical means for a result to benefit the greater good. Noble cause corruption differs with traditional corruption. Traditional corruption is defined by personal gain whereas noble cause corruption forms when a person will do anything in their power to prove their righteousness. Usually noble cause corruption is found in such cases as where individuals feel they areRead MoreCorruption Of Government Of New Zealand1405 Words   |  6 PagesMy topic is about Corruption related to government sectors in New Zealand. I decided to search about this topic because I found the presentation about police in the class was interesting. The topic about corruption is interesting because the money is oft en from our tax and it is whether the government uses it in an appropriate and responsible way. In general, Corruption occurs when someone make use of governments’ power or money for their own interest. My topic relates to government sectors, taxationRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1472 Words   |  6 Pagesthose who are moral and noble to suffer. In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald comments on this concept with the characters Tom and Gatsby. By comparing and contrasting Tom and Gatsby in The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald develops his critique of the class structure of 1920s America that allows corrupt characters to thrive while punishing sympathetic characters for striving for their dreams. Fitzgerald contrasts Tom’s and Gatsby’s old and new money statuses to display the corruption of the American DreamRead MoreThe Inability of Brutus to Assume Political Leadership of the Conspiracy Against Julius Caesar in Shakespeares Play1055 Words   |  5 Pageshistorical personalities as complicated human beings in agonizing conflict with one another and with themselves. Literary authors A.L. Rowse once wrote, No issue hinders a mans leadership capabilities more than his confusing perception of honor, noble idealism, and inner self-conflict (15). In his drama about power, nobility, assassination, and revenge, Shakespeare examines this particular issue best in his simple yet complex characterization of Brutus. Guided by conflicting emotionsRead MoreA Small Place By Christopher Columbus1619 Words   |  7 Pagesthe opposite. In her book, A Small Place, she expounded on the after effects of colonialism on her small island, Antigua. The Island, discovered by Christopher Columbus, is only nine by twelve miles long, surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean (Kincaid, 80), which has â€Å"swallowed up a number of black slaves† (Kincaid, 14). Jamaica Kincaid, described the slave owner (Europeans) as â€Å"Human rubbish,† who took â€Å"noble and exalted human beings from Africa† to enslave them (80). She madeRead MoreYour Purpose in Life Essay865 Words   |  4 Pageslife is to find your purpose in life and using it to positively impact the rest of the world. As a person with his own philosophy about life, I, Siddhartha, reached my personal tenets through the heavy influence of the flaws of the Buddhist Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path. Although I was placed in various lifestyles, religions, and sects, these influences, especially the flaws of Buddhism and Hinduism, allowed me to create the basis of my own doctrine which serves as the guidelines forRead MoreJealousy Othello Essay712 Words   |  3 Pagestheme of jealousy is evident throughout the play as it motivates the characters’ actions and suggests alot about the impacts, effects and nature of jealousy itself. In Shakespeare’s Othello, jealousy is portrayed through the major characters of Iago and Othello. It acts as a poison administered by Iagos words to Othello which causes him to transform from an honest noble general into a vengeful murderer. Jealousy is the Green eyed monster. Initially Iago is seen as â€Å"most honest† by his friendsRead MoreThe Use Of Satire In The Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer1406 Words   |  6 Pagesteachings and chose to expose their nature.Take Socrates for example, he was also a classic iconoclast and challenged the nature of things; this lead to his execution on the grounds of atheism and corruption of the youth. The Canterbury Tales, contain deeply disturbing ideals and concepts that still cause turmoil in the present day. Satire is often related to the Socratic method and irony, this is one of the ways that Chaucer accomplished his agenda. Today satire is similar to sarcasm, and has anRead MoreThe Death Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1325 Words   |  6 PagesDeath is the Key One rotten apple spoils the whole barrel. This saying means that one awful person or event can infect others and cause them to change also. This can be seen in Hamlet, when King Hamlet dies in the beginning of the play. Hamlet, like any other Shakespearean tradgedy, contains a series betrayal and death. Hamlet seeks revenge when his deceased father’s ghost tells him that his uncle, Claudius, murdered him. Since Hamlet’s grief for his father was expressed more than any other character

Howard Zinn and the Us Constitution Free Essays

The late Howard Zinn is a much respected historian. His views are known to be bold and nonetheless controversial. In his book, â€Å"A People’s History of the United States,† Zinn touches on topics such as indentured servants, angry civilians, and the United States Constitution. We will write a custom essay sample on Howard Zinn and the Us Constitution or any similar topic only for you Order Now Indentured servants were people of a lower economic class who worked for people of a higher economic background. These servants worked for a given amount of time, usually between five and seven years and either worked for money, food, shelter, or freedom. Indentured servants were originally made up of mostly young white males who were trading their time in prison or their poverty for time working as a servant. The number of indentured servants began to decrease and soon after English colonists looked for other potential people to enslave. The Virginia colony needed labor. They needed to grow corn for subsistence, and needed to grow tobacco for export because they had just learned to grow tobacco. Virginia couldn’t make the Indians work for them like Christopher Columbus had done in the past. The colonists would be outnumbered if they decided to try to take over the Indians even though they were equipped with firearms. The Indians were resourceful, defiant, tough, and practically fearless. The colony needed an alternate choice. African slaves were the answer to Virginia’s labor problem. Blacks had already been imported as slaves to South America and the Caribbean to Spanish and Portuguese colonies. The blacks made enslavement easier because of how hopeless they were. They were robbed of their homeland and culture and in most cases they were separated from their families. Zinn referred to the slavery against the blacks to be the cruelest form of slavery in history. The British were taxing the colonial population to pay for the French war. Many colonists did not agree with the Stamp Act and wanted it repealed. That summer, Ebenezer Macintosh, a shoemaker, led a mob in destroying the house of a rich Boston merchants like Andrew Oliver and Thomas Hutchinson. Rioters smashed up their houses with axes, drank all the wine in the cellars, and looted the houses of the furniture and other objects. English officers reported these acts to be a part of a larger scheme in which the houses of 15 rich people were to be destroyed. The riots against the Stamp Act swept Boston in 1767. It took the Stamp Act crisis to make the leadership aware of its dilemma. After the riots a town meeting was arranged and mainly upper and middle class citizens were allowed to attend. Zinn argues the Founding Fathers, Benjamin Franklin, George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, John Jay, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton, may have had ulterior economic and class preservation motivations that were hidden by the universal language of the constitution document. Zinn also argues that the rich, in order to secure their own interests and economic status, must either control the government directly or control the laws by which government operates. Zinn often refers to the views and writings of historian Charles Beard. Beard studied the economic backgrounds and political ideas of the fifty-five men who gathered in Philadelphia in 1787 to draw up the constitution. In his findings a majority of them were lawyers by profession, most of them were wealthy due to land, slaves, manufacturing, or shipping. Half of them had money loaned out at interest, and that forty out of fifty held government bonds according to the records of the treasury department. Beard also found that most of the makers of the constitution had some direct economic interest in establishing a strong federal government. Beard did not think the constitution as written to benefit the Founding Fathers personally. The problem of democracy in the post- revolutionary society was not however the constitutional limitations on voting. It lay much deeper beyond the constitution in the division of society into rich and poor. The constitution then illustrates the complexity of the American system: that it serves the interests of wealthy elite, but also does enough for small owners, for middle-income farmers and mechanics to build a broad base of support. Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of Treasury and one of the Founding Fathers, believed that the government must ally itself with the richest elements of society to make itself strong. How to cite Howard Zinn and the Us Constitution, Papers

”Star Girl” by Jerry Spinelli Genre Essay Sample free essay sample

Star Girl is the capturing but petrifying informations consequence turned narrative to the experiment: what will go on when you demand a of course capricious and Pacific virtued character face the unsympathetic inhuman treatments of baseless antipathy. ignorance based xenophobia. and worst of all. the three C‘s: commercialized. consumerist conformance? It all begins with a new pupil. a miss. who inexplicably goes by the name of Star Girl. From this minute frontward. every pupil and instructor inside the walls of Micah High School endure an emotional rollercoaster of esteem and antipathy implied necessary by society. all the piece devouring their receiver with their never-say-die incompatibilities. A normal human being would hold faltered. but non for the resilient rebel Star Girl. Constantly appealing and sanguine. she instantly wins over the bosom of fellow Micah High pupil Leo Borlock. a sub-rosa technician for the school’s daylight talk show Hot Seat. At first. We will write a custom essay sample on †Star Girl† by Jerry Spinelli Genre Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page non cognizing what to do of the New Age person. she is avoided and observed from a distance holding merely one friend. fellow friendless Dori Dilson. However. after being publically accepted by MAHS’ methodically bellicose elect. she is widely embraced and imitated throughout the school ; merely to shortly fall from her graces for non accepting the cheerleading squad captain/school autocrat’s tactics. Having been punished by being transmuted back into a hermit. Star Girl’s earful goes noticed by all except her. Including Leo. her now boyfriend. Unable to get by with society’s rejection. Leo. dying and ill-conceived. asks Star Girl the repent for her actions seeing it as the lone manner to recover credence. Yet. how can he inquire Star Girl to abdicate her ain personality merely for the little hope of blessing? And even if the immature twosome is ratified. how can he anticipate her to be what society and he want when they desire two different things? I think everyone has regretted being Star Girl in their life before. feeling rejected by the multitudes and desiring merely to suit in ; but. at the same clip wished for nil more than to be more like her: blithe. inverted. and unmindful to the maliciousness purposes of others. Or at the really least wished that the full universe could be like more like her. I’d say that the best portion of the book would be Leo’s last ideas as an grownup. repenting his pettiness over Star Girl and genuinely appreciating her for the mind she was. Slightly lamented. to the full nostalgic Leo Borlock eventually realizes that the immature reformer he had known as a kid was non a individual but instead a scarce transcending spirit. reflecting the staying good humors of a misunderstanding universe. Above all finally leting him the liberating autonomies of â€Å"viewing the universe though rose colored glasses† .

Microsoft And Government Essays - Egalitarianism, Social Inequality

Microsoft And Government The economic system of the United States is modeled after the theory of capitalism. "Capitalism supports free enterprise - private business operating without government regulation (Janda 22)." The United States does regulate private businesses. Sometimes special circumstances arise which threaten to weaken the overall economic stability of the country. In order to sufficiently deal with these situations, the United States government has passed many laws granting certain groups the authority to bring attention to and to stop the threat. This is extremely important in terms of its effects on individuals. It protects the freedoms of individuals, maintains order and stability, and attempts to promote equality. One example of the ability of the United States government to interfere with the natural progression of the American capitalist society, is the existence of antitrust laws. These laws regulate certain actions of individuals, trusts, corps, and combinations of corps in an attempt to prevent or forcibly end a monopoly (Gilbert 21). Since 1989, Microsoft has been repeatedly accused of violating antitrust laws. Many times these accusations have led to an antitrust case being filed against Microsoft. These antitrust laws and law suits are extremely important. Despite the verdicts of the cases, antitrust laws served their purpose - to maintain the balance of the concepts of freedom, order, and equality. Freedom is one of the three main concepts that government must pursue for its people. Freedom has two main contexts in which it is used which are freedom of and freedom from. "Freedom of is the absence of constraints on behavior; it means freedom to do something (Janda 10)." These types of freedoms guarantee individuals certain liberties such as freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of the press, and all other civil liberties. These individual liberties are extremely important in a democracy. "Freedom from . . . suggests immunity from fear and want." Freedom from is also important in a democracy. It guarantees that certain things cannot be done to anyone (Janda 10). This is important because it places limits on the powers of the government. Another duty that government must pursue is maintaining order. Order is "the rule of law to preserve life and protect property. Maintaining order is the oldest purpose of government (Janda A31)." There is also a third aspect associated with the idea of order. This is a belief in maintaining traditional patterns of social relationships. Both the preservation of life and the protection of property are pursued in similar ways. The most common ways in which the government attempts to maintain order are through government legislation, interpretation of the law, and enforcement of the law. The final aspect of order is maintaining traditional patterns of social behavior, also called social order. "Social order refers to established patterns of authority in society and to traditional modes of behavior (Janda 20)." Social order is, therefore, what society feels is right. For this reason, social order is largely maintained by the society in question along with the government. As the values, beliefs, ideas, etc of a society gradually change over time, the social order will change as well. Even though the social order is continuously changing, it is not upset. The norms of the society change, butthe change is gradual. The social order is upset when there is a sudden change in some value, belief, idea, etc of a large number of the people within a society that is in contrast with the norm of the society and causes the whole society to forget the original social order in order to argue and put an end to the new "untraditional" values, beliefs, ideas, etc that oppose the old societal norm. Order is a concept that applies to all systems. Most of these systems use a completely unique way of maintaining order. Similarly, different areas that humans try to maintain order within may have other natural ways to better maintain its order. This is why the government must work very hard in order to maintain order; it must decide whether government intervention is needed or whether allowing the natural course of events is appropriate to maintain order in the most proficient way. The last concept that is essential for government to pursue is equality. The concept of equality has many different senses in which it can be used. In terms of what government should pursue, there are two main types of equality, political equality and social equality. Political equality is defined as "each citizen has one and only one vote (Janda 14)." The fact that all citizens have one and only one vote is

The eNotes Blog Top Ten Famous Last Words and Final Stops Writers and TheirGravesites

Top Ten Famous Last Words and Final Stops Writers and TheirGravesites Everyone has a different way of coping with what George Bernard Shaw called that troublesome business. The promise of death should motivate us to live everyday to the fullest because as  Jim Morrison  aptly noted, No one here gets out alive. So on that cheerful note, here are some of the last words of famous writers and images of their final resting places. At , we only haunt you with the very best! image via HPGame 1.   Ernest Hemingway  Ã‚  (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) Goodnight, my kitten. ~ To his wife, before he shot and killed himself. image via Flickr 2.   L. Frank Baum  (May 15, 1856 – May 6, 1919) Now I can cross the shifting sands. ~ Referring to the desert that surrounded his fictional city, Oz. Baum suffered a stroke from which he never recovered. image via The Telegraph 3.   Dylan Thomas  (27 October 1914 – 9 November 1953) I had eighteen straight whiskiesI think thats a record.   While alcohol probably hastened the poets demise, new theories attribute undiagnosed pneumonia as the more likely cause of death. image via Trip Advisor 4.   James Joyce  Ã‚  (2 February 1882 – 13 January 1941) Does nobody understand? No direct cause has ever been attributed to Joyces death but his heavy drinking almost certainly played a prominent role. image via Patch 5.   Louisa May Alcott  (November 29, 1832 – March 6, 1888) Is it not  meningitis? ~ It was not, actually. Alcott died as a result of mercury poisoning. image via Creative Genius 6.   Jane Austen  (16 December 1775 – 18 July 1817) I want nothing but death.   ~ To her sister, Cassandra, inquiring if she wanted anything. (It has never been determined from what, exactly, the 41-year-old author succumbed to (speculations have included stomach cancer, Addisons disease and bovine tuberculous) but the latest research suggests arsenic poisoning may have been the culprit. image via Travel 7.   Mark Twain  (November 30, 1835 – April 21, 1910) Goodbye. If we meet ~ To his daughter, Clara. Twain died of a myocardial infraction (heart attack). image via Wikimedia 8.   Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (  28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) More light! ~ The cause of Goethes death is unknown. image via Pinterest 9.   Henrik Ibsen (20 March 1828 – 23 May 1906) On the contrary! ~ Ibsens response to his nurse, who remarked that he seemed better. Ibsen died as a result of complications from a stroke. image via Vail Daily 10. Hunter S. Thompson  (July 18, 1937 – February 20, 2005) Relax This wont hurt. ~ Thompsons final line in his suicide note. The author shot himself. An iconoclast to the end, his widow said Thomas wanted to go out with a bang, and he did. On a platform he personally designed, Thompson had his ashes shot from a cannon to the music of  Ã‚  Norman Greenbaums Spirit in the Sky and  Bob Dylans Mr. Tambourine Man. You can watch a video of Thompsons final farewell here. Featured Image via Unsplash

3 Tips for Writing Stellar UNC Chapel Hill Supplement Essays

3 Tips for Writing Stellar UNC Chapel Hill Supplement Essays SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’re applying for admission to UNC Chapel Hill, you’ll have to write a total of three essays as part of your application. Your UNC Chapel Hill supplemental essays are a great way to tell the admissions committee more about yourself while also showing your interest in UNC and your dedication to your education. In this article, we’ll break down what the UNC essay prompts are, what you should talk about in each, and offer tips for writing great UNC supplemental essays. What Are the UNC Essay Prompts? UNC Chapel Hill uses the Common Application for its admissions process. As a first-year applicant, you’ll be required to write a total of three essays: one Common Application essay and two UNC-specific essays. The UNC supplemental essays are two 250-500 word essays that respond to UNC-specific questions. There are a total of four UNC supplemental essays to choose from; you get to pick whichever two you would like to answer. Here are the four UNC essay prompts: Tell us about a peer who has made a difference in your life. What do you hope will change about the place where you live? What is one thing that we don’t know about you that you want us to know? What about your background, or what perspective, belief, or experience, will help you contribute to the education of your classmates at UNC? In the next section, we’ll talk about how to answer each of the UNC supplemental essays. UNC Supplemental Essays, Analyzed Each of the four UNC essay prompts asks you to share about something in your life that the admissions committee wouldn’t know from reading the rest of your application. The key to writing great UNC supplemental essays is to be personal and specific. Let’s take a look at what the admissions committee wants to know in each prompt. Tell us about a peer who has made a difference in your life. This prompt wants to know about the lessons you’ve learned from your peers - friends, classmates, teammates, etc. Basically, people who are your contemporaries. Don’t talk about a teacher, coach, or other adult - the prompt specifically states that you should talk about someone who is your age. The key to this prompt is to be specific about the lessons you’ve learned from your peer. This UNC essay isn’t the place to talk about how awesome your friend is or how much fun you have together - unless there’s a lesson built in, like that you can always persevere in the face of extreme obstacles. The story you choose to share doesn’t have to be hugely transcendent or impressive - all you need to do is speak honestly about how this person has influenced your life, even if the lessons learned seem small. What do you hope will change about the place where you live? While this prompt may seem serious, it doesn’t have to be. You don’t need to do in-depth research into the changes in laws in your neighborhood, but you do need to pick a change that has personal meaning for you. For instance, maybe you and your neighbors don’t know each other well and you’d like to have a greater feeling of community with the people you live near. That reason has nothing to do with legislation, but would have a big impact on your life. Show how and why those changes would affect you. The reasons you give will help the admissions committee get a better understanding of who you are a person. What is one thing that we don’t know about you that you want us to know? The possibilities for this prompt are endless! You can really talk about anything here - from your love of cooking to your passion for creating enamel pins to the flag football games you always play with your cousins at family reunions. For this prompt, pick something specific. It’s better to focus on one aspect of your personality rather than writing a big list of qualities. Go deep on one thing, rather than barely scratching the surface on a number of characteristics. Make sure that whatever you choose to highlight isn’t talked about anywhere else on your application. This prompt is your chance to tell the admissions committee something they don’t know about you - don’t waste it! What about your background, or what perspective, belief, or experience, will help you contribute to the education of your classmates at UNC? This prompt is a pretty standard diversity prompt which seeks to get a better understanding about your identity and perspective. The committee isn’t looking for you to demonstrate any particular qualities or understanding of identity, but it is looking for you to be authentic. Don’t say anything about yourself that is an exaggeration or isn’t true. If you don’t feel that your perspective or beliefs are all that unique, or if you don’t have a lot to say about either, it’s probably best to go with a different prompt. 3 Tips For Mastering Your UNC Essays Hoping to write two amazing UNC supplemental essays? Follow these key tips to do so! #1: Use Your Own Voice The point of a college essay is for the admissions committee to have the chance to get to know you beyond what’s featured in other parts of your application. Your admissions essays are your chance to become more than just a collection of statistics - to really come alive for your application readers. Make sure that the person you’re presenting in your college essays is yourself. Don’t just write what you think the committee wants to hear or try to act like someone you’re not - it will be really easy for the committee to tell you’re lying. If you lie or exaggerate, your essay will come across as insincere, which will at best diminish its effectiveness and at worst make the admissions committee think twice on accepting you. Stick to telling real stories about the person you really are, not who you think UNC wants you to be. #2: Avoid Cliches and Overused Phrases When writing your UNC essays, don’t use cliches or overused quotes or phrases. The college admissions committee has probably seen numerous essays that state, â€Å"Be the change you want to see in the world.† You can write something more original than that! Each of the UNC essays asks you something specific about your experience or background. Your essay should be 100% you - you don’t want the admissions committee to think, â€Å"Anyone could have written this essay.† #3: Check Your Work Your UNC essays should be the strongest example of your work possible. Before you turn in your UNC Chapel Hill application, edit and proofread your essays. Run your essays through a spelling and grammar check before you submit and ask someone else to read your essays. You can seek a second opinion on your work from a parent, teacher, or friend. Ask them whether your work represents you as a student and person. Have them check and make sure you haven’t missed any small writing errors. Having a second opinion will help your work be the best it possibly can be. Final Thoughts Your UNC supplemental essays are your chance to show the admissions committee what makes you special and different from the other tens of thousands of students applying for admission at UNC. In your essays, make sure you are authentic, well-spoken, and polished so you give the admissions committee the best possible understanding of who you are as a person. What’s Next? Need more help with your scholarship search?Read our expert guide on how to find college scholarships. Need help writing your Common App essay?Our tips will show you how to write a Common App essay guaranteed to make you stand out from other applicants! How does UNC's selectivity compare with those of other top colleges? Get the answer in our guide to the most selective schools in the nation! Want to write the perfect college application essay? Get professional help from PrepScholar. Your dedicated PrepScholar Admissions counselor will craft your perfect college essay, from the ground up. We'll learn your background and interests, brainstorm essay topics, and walk you through the essay drafting process, step-by-step. At the end, you'll have a unique essay that you'll proudly submit to your top choice colleges. Don't leave your college application to chance. Find out more about PrepScholar Admissions now:

Discrimination and affirmative action in business Research Paper

Discrimination and affirmative action in business - Research Paper Example Affirmative action refers to the policies and procedures set up by taking certain factors into account, such as race, color, creed, sex or religion. In recent history, discrimination on the basis of religion is the most common. There have been reports made by the members of the Muslim community, of harassment and discrimination due to 9/11 (Edward, 2006). This essay tries to understand the reasons for affirmative action and the importance of its presence in business and management. It further outlines the origin or the need for such an action. Another popular belief, that affirmative action leads to a discriminatory action towards the majority of that society is also discussed. A conclusion on the debate is presented towards the end of this essay. The movement of such an action that protected the minority from any discrimination was initially started in the United States only. Civil right programs were enacted in the United States, in order to save the African Americans and provide them a status of full citizenship in the country. The thirteenth amendment of the Constitution made slavery as an illegal action; the fourteenth amendment allows equal protection to all while the fifteenth amendment allows full access to voting and forbids any act of racism during voting (Marquita, 1995). These amendments were one of the first steps towards affirmative action. John F. Kennedy was the first person to use Affirmative action as a phrase, in 1961. This required that federal contractors are supposed to take affirmative action to ensure people from all classes, creed, race, religion and nations are employed and treated as equals to other members of their workplace. Since then, affirmative action is required in regards to employment based on gender as well. The major aim for affirmative action is to increase the representation of women, people of color or minorities in areas of education, employment and business, where they have not

Discuss the tea party movement, identifyig its positive (or nebative ) Essay

Discuss the tea party movement, identifyig its positive (or nebative ) features, depending on your own political viewpoint. utilize any of the ways of thinking about political ideology your in - Essay Example Rick Santelli of CNBC has been given a high credit when in February 19, 2009 he raised his voice against the administrative proposal of the Obama government, which aimed to purchase the mortgaged securities so as to inject the capital into the economy in response to the sub prime mortgage crisis. (Rowen). However, though it is generally argued that the Tea party movement is a modern political movement staging the protests against the government in a revolutionist way, the criticisms of such movements are also emerging rapidly. The tea party movement with its progress has also mystified the people on the left and right issue. The protesters frequently try to raise them as the true patriots who are working for strengthening the public opinion over limited governmental control, free market mechanism and lower tax policies. However, we can criticize the movements, as the members of the party are very confused over the issues on which they protest. We can also say that with its activities the tea party movement has also brought and conveyed the act of racism. (Conan). However, in many conservative blogs the bloggers have tried drawing the attention of the people in favor of the tea party movement. In the blog like ‘HOT AIR’, Mr Allahpundit has raised his arguments that Mr. Obama also knows the significance of tea party movement in America and he has deliberately use the term â€Å"teabaggers† before the media. (Allahpundit). But in the more liberal blogs like ‘Fred’s Humboldt Blog’ the justification and evaluation of such movement has been discussed more generously. In this blog the blogger has raised his support towards the tea party movements by arguing that there are thousands of people now involved in this movement and it may force the government to go for lower tax and smaller government policies. (The tea parties). Notwithstanding, we may argue that at present there are many crises, which are gradually taking

Cost Accounting Terminologies Essay Example for Free

Cost Accounting Terminologies Essay Cost accounting, as a tool of management, provides management with detailed records of the costs relating to products, operations or functions. Cost accounting refers to the process of determining and accumulating the cost of some particular product or activity. It also covers classification, analysis and interpretation of costs. The cost so determined and accumulated may be the estimated future costs for planning purposes, or actual (historical) costs for evaluating performance. The Institute of Cost and Management Accountant (ICMA), London, defined cost accounting as â€Å"the process of accounting for cost from the point at which expenditure incurred or committed to the establishment of its ultimate relationship with cost centers and cost units. In its widest usage it embraces the preparation of statistical data, the application of cost control methods and the ascertainment of profitability of activities carried out or planned.† Costing Cost accounting and costing have distinctly different meanings. The Institute of Cost and Management Accountant (ICMA), London, defined costing as the ascertainment of costs. Costing includes the â€Å"techniques† and â€Å"processes† of ascertaining costs. The technique refers to the principles or rules which are applied for ascertaining costs of products manufactured and services rendered. There are mainly two methods of costing job costing and process costing. The process includes the day to day routine of determining costs within the methods of costing adopted by the business enterprise. Within such a process, there could be historical costing, marginal costing, absorption costing and standard costing etc. Objectives of Cost Accounting There is a direct relationship among information needs of management and cost accounting objectives and techniques and tools used for analyses in cost accounting. Cost accounting has the following three important objectives: 1. To determine the product cost.  2. To facilitate planning and control of regular business activities. 3. To supply information for short and long-run decision. Product Costing The objective of determining the cost of products is the prime importance of cost accounting. The total product costs and cost per unit of product are important in making inventory valuation, deciding price of the product and managerial decision making. Planning and Control Another important objective of cost accounting is the creation of useful cost data and information for the purposes of planning and control by management. The different alternative plans are evaluated in terms of respective costs and associated benefits. The management control over business operations aims to establish balance between actual and budgeted performance. A properly designed cost accounting system includes the following steps in the control process: 1. Comparing actual performance with budgets and standard 2. Analyzing the variances between budget and standards and actual by causes, and management responsibility so that corrective actions may take place. 3. Providing managers with data and reports about their individual performances and performances of subordinates. Information for decision Another important objective of cost accounting system is to provide data and special analyses for short and long-run decisions of a non-recurring nature. Appropriate cost information must be accumulated to make a wide variety of short and long run decision. According to Henke and Spoede, the following are the cost information developed in cost accounting: 1. As a basis for valuing manufactured inventories and cost of goods sold in externally presented financial reports. 2. In controlling operations through the evaluation of operating results and the placement of responsibilities for the uses of organizational resources on the shoulders of specifically identifiable persons within the organization. 3. In planning operations through the establishment of cost and budgetary goals. 4. In making day- to- day operating decisions. The cost information is used for two purposes in most organizations: 1) the cost accounting systems provide information to evaluate the performance of an organizational unit or his manager, and 2) also provide the means for estimating the unit cost of products or services that the organization can manufacture or provide to others. a) Performance measurement: This measurement can be done by comparing current costs with those who were expected or standard costs budgeted cost to the degree of knowing which of them have been controlled. Deviations of expected with the current variances can be identified, evaluated and discussed by managers. b) Cost of goods and services: In manufacturing companies, the costs of goods must be measured to determine the cost of items transferred from work in process inventory to finished products. To meet the demands for information, a cost system should measure all the costs of manufacturing process and allocate a portion of those costs to each unit of output. The cost to obtain, maintain and manage the manufacturing plant or building should be added to the cost of material and productive work that requires each unit. The first are called indirect costs and the two last are called direct costs. c) Profit analysis. Information in costs is essential to analyze the profits obtained from a product or product line. The information on the cost of a product enables managers to assess the contribution margin the difference between the price and variable costs and the gross margin the difference between the price and the total cost of the product. d) Product mix. For the companies that offer more than one product or service the cost information is key to handle the mix of products or services offered to customers. With information on cost-profit, a manager can lead the effort in sales and advertising for products that generate greater value. The products that do not create any profit can be removed, have a price reassignation, or tied up with products that have greater utility. e) Price assignation. Regardless of where prices are determined by the forces of market demand, product differentiation and advertising offer to many managers some sort of idea to assign prices to products or services. The costs of products and trends commonly offer signals to managers that prices should be changed. An example could be the change in the cost of a material or critical component which can give a signal to reassess the price of a product or service. f) Cost of service. Many products require the seller to provide additional services to customers. In such cases, the information about the cost of service is so important for managers as the cost of production. The same for companies that offer services only, unless the cost of service is measured, there is no way to know whether providing the service is profitable or not, or whether changes in prices or advertising are needed. Looked from another angle, the uses that the administration of a company can give to the costs can be grouped into 4 categories, specified below Method of costing As state earlier, the term costing refers to the techniques and processes of determining cost of a product manufactured or a service rendered. Different methods are applied in business enterprises to ascertain cost depending upon the nature of the product, production method and specific business conditions. For example, in a textile or steel company, raw material passes through different stages and production is done continuously. In some other industries, production is done at different customers specific orders and each job is different from the other job.

The Human Perception of Pain in Conjunction with the Mind-Body Problem

The Human Perception of Pain in Conjunction with the Mind-Body Problem There is more research surfacing supporting the notion that people can control their pain. What is left under-examined is the notion of whether the pain is mediated by the brain, mind, or both. We all know that pain is an instinctive "sense" if you will, necessary to the survival of all living beings. Without pain, it would go unrecognized and exacerbate to the point of death. Pain is a protective mechanism essential to survival. There are three important claims here: One is that pain is actually a perception. The second, is the brain mediates the suppression of pain through a "gate" in the spinal cord. Lastly, since pain is a perception, the mind may decide the degree to which the "gate" is open, which therefore influences to amount of pain reaching the brain. Recent research provides evidence that certain brain structures mediate the spinal cord gate. Still controversial is whether receptivity to pain is biological in origin and completely dependent on the brain, or whether the min d, the entity in an individual responsible for thought, and feelings, conscious or unconscious, controls the nervous system and in the end manipulates one's perception of pain. Pain is defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage" (1). When pain is described in these terms we can see that pain is a perception, sort of like seeing and hearing. When pain is processed there are a number of brain structures activated, commonly referred to as the "central pain matrix" (2). It may seem irrelevant to delve into pain signal activation in the brain since it is seemi... ...that one's entire perception of pain may be conscious in origin and simply correlate to the mechanisms of the brain, rather than stem from just the brain entirely. References 1)Pain Anatomy http://www.ahs.uwaterloo.ca/~ranney/painanat.html 2)The Human Perception of Pain http://dubinserver.colorado.edu/prj/nva/humanperception.html 3)Brain Pain Pathways http://psych.athabascau.ca/html/Psych289/Biotutorials/19/intro.shtml?sso=true 4)Modification of pain within the spinal cord http://www.manbit.com/obstetspain/obnlp3.htm 5)The Skeptics Dictionary http://skepdic.com/mind.html 6)Mind and Body Interactions http://www.mindbody.org/ 7)Mind-Body-Medicine http://www.mind-body-medicine.com/ 8)Mind and Body Wellness http://membrane.com/ncata/lynn/ 9) Carlson, Neil R., Physiology of Behavior. Needham Heights: A Pearson Education Company, 2001.

Hca/210 Final Project Wk 9

My Proposal for a New Health Care System Alyssa Zacharias HCA/210 March 28, 2010 Joan Lewis {pcut:paragraph_to_cut} A vision for a new health care system would be guaranteed affordable health care to all Americans. Our medical care is good, but the system which the care is financed is extremely inefficient, unfair, and extremely bad. Americans remain uninsured, due to the high cost of health care coverage, not just to the family finances, but to corporate American’s bottom line as well. The United States spends much more share of its economy on health care than any other nation, and yet has failed Americans with the one thing that health insurance is suppose to provide: health security. To avoid recurring dismissal of previous campaigns, this new health care system will provide a successful agenda taken seriously the political constraints, and organizational realities that have hamstrung reform efforts in the past. This system will build on the most popular elements of the present structure; (Medicare and employment-based health insurance) making changes that are self-reinforced, straightforward, and guaranteed health security. ( Hacker, S. Jacob, January 11, 2007) My new health care system will expand coverage, create better incentives for quality and efficiency, and link health insurance to individuals, rather than to their place of employment. It will be guided with personal responsibility for one’s own health as well as being ensured the health and welfare of all our citizens. It would make health insurance mandatory for all U. S. citizens, offering subsidies to help defray the cost of premiums. Our American citizens would benefit the most from this new health care system. A failure to act rising health care costs will jeopardize our public’s health and undercut out international competitiveness. A failure to make affordable health changes available to our Americans who are currently uninsured is morally indefensible. If we use this new health care system, we will be lowering the health care costs and the premium costs of medication. This will suit the needs of all American citizens, with low income or no income that have little or no health coverage at all. (Nichols, Len, July 2007) My new health care system would not have any existing populations with disadvantages, there would be an affordable plan for all American citizens, and this new system would leave no individual uninsured. Each American citizen will have coverage for their medical and medication needs, with affordable premium plans to suit their budgets. This new proposal would solve current challenges such as; 1) access to health care- the first major challenge, people being uninsured are less likely to receive appropriate care, for such things as chronic illnesses, and are more likely to die from diseases. 2) cost- the evidence suggests that the cost of health care in the United States is greater than necessary to allow us to achieve the levels of health and longevity we now enjoy. Insurance companies and the government play such prominent roles in financial health care, patients and doctors have less incentive to consider the extra costs of optional tests or treatments. Taking on this fist challenge we will take in consideration that the uninsured are not all alike; they include people, who have low income, people who are not poor but have costly health conditions, those employed but don’t get offered an group health insurance. Taking on the second challenge, could be the challenge hard to overcome. Increasing access or improving quality, may increase rather than reduce total cost. Patients, doctors, and hospitals must be given incentives for choosing cost-effective approaches. The best way to reduce the financial burdens in our health care system is to deliver cost-effective health care throughout the entire system. Today with the diversity of people, companies can’t create just one benefits program that meets everyone’s needs. The employer decides how much money it will allot per employee for the year for benefits; once that figure is assigned the employees can research and compare the costs of various health insurance options. (Bernanke, S. Ben, June 16, 2008) In conclusion this new health care system would provide affordable and reliable health care for every American. This would also provide the much needed coverage for those who need it the most. Having health coverage for every American would also cut down on the amount of people who wait to see a doctor until they are too ill, who then have to go into the emergency room, which then costs the health care system and government more money. (Bernanke, S. Ben, June 16, 2008) http://www. federalreserve. gov/newsevents/speech/bernanke20080616a. htm (Hacker, S. Jacob, January 11, 2007) http://sharedprosperity. org/bp180. html (Nichols, Len, July 2007) http://www. newamericannet/publications/policy/sustainable_health_system_all_americans

People Led District Disaster Management Essay

Soon after the Orissa Cyclone and thereafter the Gujarat earthquake the Government of India prioritized a national policy on disaster management and advocated a change of direction from a post disaster reactive approach to a proactive stance before the occurrence of disasters, provided a new legal framework and greater harmonization of disaster management efforts. The policy set forth principles (including significant community role and active civil society participation), objectives (including emphasis on prevention, DRR and promoting regional and national cooperation), strategies and provisions for promoting inter-sectoral complementarities. The Disaster Management Act 2005, mandates National, States and district authorities to develop policy, guidelines, plans for proper implementation of Disaster management plans to reduce adverse impact on communities and to facilitate timely and effective response. It stresses upon inclusion of mitigation, preparedness and DRR measures into development. As a result SDMAs in various states initiated development of district disaster management plans. However, some plans were merely a collection of contact phone numbers of important authorities and departments from the district. There were significant gaps in these operational plans mainly due to non availability of a standard framework, lack of expertise and dedicated resources. Lack of community participation and that of relevant stakeholders in the preparation process has resulted in lack of ownership among intended users and beneficiaries. Disasters tend to happen to people at risk. People are at risk because they are vulnerable to hazards. This vulnerability can be best reduced by increasing people’s capacities to deal with underlying social, cultural and physical factors. The key to successful disaster management plan is to ensure involvement of people who are victims and who are at risk or could be potential victims. If this is not practiced it is often unsustainable, costly and ineffective. Most DDMPs in the country lacked participation of affected communities and civil society. A participatory community level disaster management involves a cross section of people in the design and development process of the plan. When local people develop these plans there is more interest, greater ownership and understanding resulting in successfully reducing suffering and losses. The key principles of this approach thus are: * Community themselves are best placed to prioritize threats and take effective risk reducing actions. The best time to reduce the impact of disasters is before the next disasters occur. Hence, preventive actions should be integral part of the effective disaster management plan. * The identification and mapping of hazards along with who and what may be affected is necessary before risk reduction plans can be made. * Progress has to be well publicized to maintain interest and strengthen the culture of disaster reduction. An example of this is found in the recent NDMA/SDMA collaboration with civil society coming together to develop community led DDMP in Madhubani. One of the basic highlights of the Madhubani DDMP process is that though it oriented towards response but it also incorporates reduction and prevention thrust. Incidentally, prevention has been recognized as an important aspect of DDMP by the district and state/SDMA but also in the poverty reduction strategy. As a result of DDMP several agencies/departments in Madhubani have shown willingness to incorporate prevention measures in their regulations, such as the building codes by the town planners that regulate development of settlements. It was encouraging to note high level of commitment from various stakeholders to improving DRR mechanism. Tearfund has been working along with its partners to lobby with governments at all levels for influencing the policies and development of effective people friendly plans. The Madhubani DRR project implemented by its partner organisation EFICOR in 30 villages in Madhubani was instrumental in development of pilot District Disaster Management Plan (DDMP) along with support from SPHERE India. The strength of this pilot has been the process it has embarked upon wherein involvement and participation of all level of stakeholders from community to district/state/national government authorities in development process of this DDMP. In view of intensive involvement of all relevant stakeholders the pilot has received good response and acceptance from the NDMA and SDMA. This is considered as the first ever attempt in developing a DDMP which has come up from the active involvement of first respondent in any natural disasters. As mentioned above the thrust of development of DDMP is that it is being developed involving affected community, hence, the approach has been bottom-up, however at the same time, all relevant stakeholders, be it government departments or the NGOs and other actors have been involved and participated at all stages of development of the plan. This is truly a plan developed by the people and for the people. This plan has also influenced many other civil socieities to take up similar preparations for other districts and states with the support of NDMA.

Mr. Obama and Iran

Mr. Obama and Iran Free Online Research Papers Two editorials by The New York Times discuss the talks that the Obama administration has planned with Iran; â€Å"Mr. Obama and Iran† does not explain thoroughly how Washington should interfere but in the other article â€Å"Talk to Iran. Then What†, it states that there is all this talk about having ’talks’ with Iran but nothing specific has been planned and imposes the question of how much should we compromise to come to an agreement. In the editorial titled â€Å"Mr. Obama and Iran†, the editor writes that former president Bush failed policies in Iran has led them very close to mastering the skills needed to build a nuclear weapon- the skill of mastering nuclear fuel production. The writer backs up his claim by stating that Iran’s scientist have already advanced by putting a satellite in orbit which is a huge sign that their missile program is moving forward. His other claim is that there has to be a mixture of incentives and sanctions to take away Iran’s nuclear ambitions. He goes on to say that the Bush administration never made any attempts to offer the Iranian government any incentives. However, he gives no evidence to support that for sure that Bush never made any attempts. His opinion is that the agenda for talks will be much easier if it included Afghanistan and Iraq. The editor shows very strong evidence that in the past, in 1998 Iran’s fundamentalist Shiite government almost went to war with Afghanistan’s own fundamentalist Taliban. The U.S. interfered and forced the Taliban to back out, with the help from Tehran helping Washington make a new Afghanistan government. However this plan didn’t end up working because there were accusations that the Iranians were supporting the Taliban’s to keep the Americans off their radar. The Osama administration needs to remind Iran again that it is in their best interest that Iraq is defeated and for the Afghanistan’s to be more stabilized. In the other article published by the New York Times as well, the writer comments that Obama’s presidential campaign came up with specific tactics to prevent Iran from its nuclear weapon plans but failed to answer the important questions such as: â€Å"What should the United States demand when it finally talks with Iran? And when Iran rejects our opening position, how much should we compromise to come to a deal?†(Rademaker). He supports this by putting out the fact that in the past Iran has rejected the United Nations, insisting that Iran suspend their nuclear plans to enrich uranium. The Obama administration will probably propose this negotiation again and Iran will likely reject it again. â€Å"So what then?† is the question (Rademaker). He explains that Congress will ask themselves: Are we demanding too much? He argues that time is definitely on Iran’s side because they had 164 centrifuges in 2006 and now they have about 5,000. So the question is â€Å"How can we cut the best deal now, even if it allows Iran to continue enriching?†. He says that critics will propose two fallbacks if Iran doesn’t agree the first time: allowing enrichment but at the same time using international safeguards that can spot the development of nuclear weapons, or proposing that uranium be only used for multinational programs operated by various countries. The problem with this proposal is that the countries near that regions around Iran will demand the same treatment, but that would not be a good thing especially if countries like Syria that is not friendly to Americans, will enrich uranium as much as they can. Stephen Rademaker concludes his editorial by saying that if Obama finds a way to obtain a negotiation with Iran, that may be his one of his greatest achievements during his presidency . In conclusion I feel that the second article by Stephen Rademaker is much more convincing because he gives more specific evidence to back up his opinion. For instance, he writes that Washington as well as the Obama campaign have made statements that there will be talks to with Iran to prevent them from pursuing their nuclear interests but the question of what kind of talks has not been answered. While reading the first article, I was expecting more information, I felt as if I only read a part of the article. Rademaker’s editorial asks the question of what kind of demands will the United States impose if it rejects once again, the limitation or uranium enrichment. Another example where he uses specific examples is if the United Nations and the United States allow Iran to enrich uranium, in any way, it will be impossible to deny surrounding countries the same treatment. The weakness of this editorial, however, asks too many questions which leaves the reader confused as to if it is supposed to be for the reader or it is the editors own questions. The strengths are the explanation with statements that can be verified, because they actually happened in the past. That is the editors main argument- that Washington should come up with other proposals that have not been rejected in the past to ensure a compromise with Iran. In the first article, the editor writes, â€Å"We don’t know if there is any mixture of incentives or sanctions that can wean Iran of its nuclear ambitions†¦But we are certain that the Bush Administration never tried to find it†(Mr. Obama and Iran). While that may be true, it is something that Americans already know. It is still clear that there is still disagreements with the United States and Iran so there is no need of a reminder. Instead the editor should have explained how the Obama Administration can learn from Bush Administration and propose what kind of talks should occur. The article is concluded with, â€Å"Mr. Obama can make a compelling argument that it is in Iran’s strategic interest to join negotiations intended to guarantee Iraq’s long-term stability and sovereignty†(Mr. Obama and Iran). However there isn’t an elaboration on that. Although both articles are well written the one that convinces me the most is â€Å"Talk to Iran. Then What?† because it is more persuasive. The author does his research to prove his point. The other article I feel, just states facts things the public already knows. His opinion I believe is something that has been already heard on the news and on the radio. Stephen Rademaker gives a different point of view to his audience. Regardless if the reader disagrees with his opinion, his article is more likely to be chosen as more credible because the author shows he knows what he is talking about. â€Å"Mr. Obama and Iran†. The New York Times. 9 Feb. 2009: A22. Rademaker, Stephen. â€Å"Talk to Iran. Then What?†. The New York Times. 9 Feb. 2009: A21. Research Papers on "Mr. Obama and Iran"American Central Banking and OilMy Writing ExperienceThe Equal Rights AmendmentCash or Card?Global Distributive Justice is UtopianGene One the Transition from Private to PublicProject Management 101Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois, Ida B. Wells-BarnettDistance Learning Survival GuideCo-Educational vs. Single Sex Schools

August 2007 Most Popular Posts

August 2007 Most Popular Posts August 2007 Most Popular Posts August 2007 Most Popular Posts By Sharon Write First, Edit Later: Well, it is important to write correctly. It makes your communication clearer, and your reputation brighter. But it’s usually better to say what you mean poorly than to say nothing. Passive vs. Active Voice: English teachers like myself love to warn new writers against the evils of passive voice. Here at Daily Writing Tips, Michael has written about passive writing, and I recently wrote about dummy subjects, but it looks like there’s still some confusion about passive voice and its use. â€Å"Could Care Less† versus â€Å"Couldn’t Care Less†: The Oxford dictionary already recognizes â€Å"could care less† as an American colloquialism. Many people, however, regard it as incorrect since it makes no logical sense (if you â€Å"could care less† it means that you care at least a bit). What do you think about it? Have your say in our Poll! Five Spelling Rules for â€Å"Silent Final E†: In an earlier stage of the language, many of these final e’s were pronounced. Now, however, unless the word is a foreign borrowing, the final e is silent. Needed: New Singular Possessive Adjective Combining â€Å"his† and â€Å"her†: I told him that the answer was c) his, but, to my astonishment, the answer key gave b) his or her as the correct answer. That’s when I discovered that I was behind the times when it came to the concept of oppressive gendered language. Punctuation Errors: Quotation Marks for Emphasis: Last month, Daniel covered some of the basic rules for using quotation marks. I’d like to point out one of the most common misuses of this piece of punctuation: the quotation mark for emphasis. Misspelled Numbers, Months, and Days: Yes, these are elementary spelling words, but cruise the web and you will see them misspelled all over the place. The Truth About â€Å"It’s†: As well as I know the rule, as many times as I have corrected the error in the manuscripts of others, the occasional it’s for its creeps into my own writing and must be caught in the final revision. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Regarding Re:Email EtiquetteArtist vs. Artisan

To What Extent Can Violent Video Games Be Said to Explain Violent Essay

To What Extent Can Violent Video Games Be Said to Explain Violent Behaviour in Teenagers - Essay Example Many parents and educators allege that this obsession with violent video games that grips so many teenagers is a direct cause of violent behaviour in teenagers. A closer examination of the facts about video games and teenage behaviour reveals, however, that this is a very dubious claim, since it is very difficult to prove any causal link between video game playing and violent behaviour in teenagers. The main argument in favour of a link between violent video games and teenage behaviour is that, like violent films on television and in the cinema, they can affect the development of a young person’s personality in an adverse way. Several well respected American medical associations such as the American Psychological Association, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and the American Medical Association issued a joint statement in year 2000 saying that there is a causal connection between media violence and aggressive behaviour , but that it is a complex effect (Gentile et al., 2004, p. 19). In the United Kingdom there is a strict classification system in place that is intended to prevent the most violent games from getting into the hands of people under eighteen years of age. This system is not always effective, since the majority of parents do not monitor the titles that their teenage children buy, and they often have very little knowledge about what these games actually contain. Clearly the authorities in most countries are convinced that violent video games can cause harm, and they take steps to minimize this harm. These measures do not, however, amount to real hard evidence that links video games with violent behaviour. Media in general contain vast amounts of material ranging from innocuous cartoons and slapstick violence to sick and criminal content that clearly should not be available to teenagers. Young people are exposed to multiple sources of images and texts on the television, in print material and on the internet every day, and so it is difficult to prove that video games are the root cause of any violent behaviour. Any amount of other sources could influence teenagers, and so it seems unreasonable to pinpoint video games as a cause of violent behaviour. They are perhaps an easy target because they are well regulated, and their popularity can be measured through sales and feedback to the providers. They may also arouse deep suspicion in technophobe adults who cannot keep up with the skills of young people in their care. For all of these reasons, it seems likely that the perceived effect of playing video games is exaggerated, and that their relative novelty in the entertainment landscape has attracted undue attention to the particular contribution that they make. It can be argued that evidence for the influence of video games is to be found in statements of young people themselves. There are many cases where teenagers enter the criminal justice system because they are acc used of some act of violence. In such a situation they can state that they were influenced by a certain game title. Examples such as the â€Å"Grand Theft Auto† series are often mentioned in this connection, because this kind of first person action game involves street crime and aggression towards fictional characters. Violent youth offenders are often

Financial Research Report for Ford Motor Company Paper

Financial Report for Ford Motor Company - Research Paper Example The company, at present, is one of the biggest producers of cars and trucks at a global level. The different brands of Ford Company vehicles include Ford, Lincoln, Mercury and its redesigned Ford Mustang and the F-Series pickup which have been very successful. The company also possesses interest in Mazda and commands the Volvo nameplate. Ford Motor Company has 95 plants spread throughout the world with 41 distribution centers and warehouses. It also has 50 engineering, research and development centers. The company carries its operations under the two sections namely, Automotive and Financial Services. For the year ended on December 31, 2008, Ford traded the ACH glass business to Zeledyne, LLC. The Nashville, Tulsa, and VidrioCar plants were also included in this sale. In the year 2008, Ford and its subsidiary, the Volvo Car Corporation sold the Thai-Swedish Assembly Group to Volvo Holding Sverige, AB. The company was able to acquire 72.4% of the shares of S.C. Automobile Craiova SA in March 2008. The sale of the company's Jaguar and Land Rover operations to Tata Motors Limited took place in June 2008. The share value of Ford has reached $1.56. Steny Hoyer, the House Majority Leader told the Fox News Sunday that he expects that the plans of the companies will win governmental aid. However, its accountability and feasibility are yet to be seen in the long run. But the Republican leader Mr. John Boehner was sceptical about these plans. He remarked that it was a matter of convincing the American tax payers that the government was financing a viable corporation. The following is the stock activity of the company: Stock Activity Last Price 6.11 52 Week High 6.75 52 Week Low 1.01 Volume 54.58 Mil Average Daily Volume (13wk) 102.05 Mil 50 Day Moving Average 5.19 200 Day Moving Average 3.31 Volatility (beta) 2.55 F Intraday Chart 5d 1m 3m 1y 3y 5y 10y Beta 2.55 Dividend & Yield NA Earnings/Share -7.03 Forward P/E -15.28 Market Cap. 19.39 Bil P/E -0.86 Return on Equity NA Total Shares Out. 3.17 Bil Financial data in U.S. dollars (Source: http://moneycentral.msn.com /detail/stock_ quote'Symbol=F, retrieved on 14th June, 2009) Ford Motor must strive hard to find out new strategies to make the company progressive. That is what the Democrats told the executives of the major three companies last week, when they sought an emergency financial aid of $25 billion. They were told by the Democratic leaders to submit new proposals with bailout plans to Congress on 2nd December. On getting the proposals they would hold hearings for voting on it the next week. Stock Charts (2009-06-14) Ford Motor The companies have to prepare a plan as to how the governmental loans will be utilised and period for which the financial loans are required. In order to get these loans the companies must forego the payment of dividends and the huge amount of executive compensation. (http://articles.moneycentral.msn.com/Investing/Dispatch/market- dispatches-112408.aspx, retrieved on 14th June, 2009) Ratio analysis Gross Profit Margin 19.4% EBIT Margin -5.1% EBITDA Margin 4.4% Pre-Tax Profit Margin -12.8% Current Ratio 2.4 Quick Ratio 1.9 Receivables Turnover 1.2 Inventory Turnover 11.2 Asset Turnover 0.5 Revenue to Assets

Apple Marketing Strategy analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Apple Marketing Strategy analysis - Essay Example The firm that is analyzed in the paper is Apple red as giant in the consumer electronics market and its products are considered as one of the most successful and hot selling items. From a mediocre organization to the best firm in the industry, Apple has made tremendous progress in terms of product innovation and service delivery. It started as a computer manufacturing and selling firm however, it has now transformed itself into a consumer electronics manufacturing firm with product range as wide as TVs, MP3 Players, Smartphones and Tablet Computers. Apple started as Apple Computers Inc during 1977 however, Apple rolled out its first personal computer during 1976. Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak started the company with an aim to manufacture and sell personal computers. As a result of this effort, Apple-1 was introduced during 1976 and Apple afterward continued to build upon its technical superiority and was able to expand its overall range of products. Over the period of time, Apple rem ained under the control of different CEOs however; its glory and success came under the leadership of Steve Jobs – the co-founder of the company who was also later on removed from this position during 1990s. One of the key reasons for the success of Apple as a firm was the leadership style and approach adapted by Steve Jobs. It is argued that Steve Jobs broke almost every principle of leadership and cultivated a new and unique style which allowed Apple to dominate different markets at the same time. Considered by many as dictator and tyrannical, it was the unique vision and micromanagement ability of Steve Jobs which contributed mostly towards the success of the firm (Emerald Group Publishing Limited). It was because of this leadership style of Steve Jobs that the overall culture of Apple evolved as a culture with strong accountability and very clear and swift communication from the top. Most of the decisions were centralized and revolved around Steve Jobs owing to his person al genius and detailed oriented leadership style. Much of the Apple’s culture as well as corporate success was dependent upon the innovative genius of Steve Jobs, his ability to manage everything on his own and enforcement of a strict corporate culture with very little tolerance for dissent and low performance. (Allen) The Mission Statement â€Å"Apple designs Macs, the best personal computers in the world, along with OS X, iLife, iWork and professional software. Apple leads the digital music revolution with its iPods and iTunes online store. Apple has reinvented the mobile phone with its revolutionary iPhone and App Store, and is defining the future of mobile media and computing devices with iPad.†1 The above Mission Statement of the firm suggests that Apple has been able to dominate four different market niches in consumer electronics industry i.e. personal computers, digital music, mobile phones and mobile media and computing. Though the mission statement seems vagu e but it clearly outlines the current ambitions of Apple and its will to dominate different markets at the same time. Exceptional factors contributing to the success of firm One of the key factors behind the success of Apple was the leadership of Steve Jobs under whose visionary presence; firm was able to transform itself into a giant in consumer electronics industry. Steve Jobs expanded the overall vision for the firm and included other product ranges coupled with effective market strategies which allowed Apple to become number 1 firm in the industry. The leadership and corporate culture of firm helped Apple to enforce strict accountability and create further room for creativity and innovation. Such approach therefore resulted into the development and marketing of products which became hot selling due to their innovativeness and ease of use for end users. Apart from this, Apple’s products are considered as of highest quality and durability along with their ability to offer a complete experience to customers. Apple started its music

Learning Health Systems in Australia Analysis

Learning Health Systems in Australia Analysis Submitted by : Jaison Prabhath Jaiprakash INTRODUCTION A Learning Health System (LHS) aims to deliver the best possible care to patients, each time, and to learn and improve itself with each care experience. Its vision guarantees to change healthcare services, by empowering the health professionals to change the entire health care system into a highly reliable industry. A learning health system combines quality patient care with the routine collection of data. This is aimed at improving patient outcome. A fully functional system like this would advance the overall quality of healthcare and improve patient and provider safety. The data collected through electronic health records are vast and expanding, which helps in creating new knowledge about the effectiveness of the given treatment and helps in predicting outcomes. An LSH emphasises on an approach that shares data and insights across boundaries to drive better, more efficient medical practice and patient care. The key to achieve their objectives are linked to the collection of data th at is commonly called Big Data from various types of clinical practices. The big data movement in computer science has brought dramatic changes in what counts as data, how that data is analysed, and what can be done with that data. Big data has only recently begun to influence clinical practice. (Iwashyna and Liu, 2014). Enormous amounts of health care data are collected from patients and populations and the interpretation of that data is very important in meeting the needs of the patients. Combining big data and next-generation analytics into population health research and clinical practice requires new data sources, new thinking, training, and tools. If properly used, these pools of data can be an infinite source of knowledge to power a learning health care system. Clinical trials help to manage and improve the health care system. It is all about conducting studies and investigations into various diseases and conditions and eventually hope to eradicate the illnesses. It helps to harness the information for improved clinical trial design, patient recruitment, site selection, monitoring insight and decision making. Data produced through clinical trials like randomized control trials (RCT) often include many treatments and patients from different groups, to improve the reliability of participants and to access the data, these records are digitized, this is where big data helps to store large amount of data sets. By mining the area of clinical practice, we can learn a lot about the patient care. METHODS Search Strategy The SCOPUS and PubMed databases were searched for articles related to the role of learning health systems and clinical practice. Most articles were taken from the year 2014. The search was limited to articles published in journals. Search terms A Boolean search was performed using the following terms: learning health system AND clinical practice, learning healthcare system AND clinical practice, learning health system AND clinic and learning healthcare system AND clinic. Selection / inclusion Criteria The literature review was conducted and articles chosen were from the existing learning health systems such as PEDSnet which are already being used for various clinical practices.   The search was later filtered into aspects that are essential to clinical practice as well as learning health systems, namely, big data. RESULT The role of the health care system is important to deliver the quality care and treatment to the patients. Learning health systems have shown remarkable developments in clinical practices, for example formation of Clinical Data Research Networks (CDRN) consist of many health care systems which conducts research as a network on topics like health care delivery, population health, assessing health disparities and so on. A few of these healthcare systems are listed below. PEDSnet: A National Pediatric Learning Health System   Ã‚   PEDSnet is a clinical data research network (CDRN) that provides the infrastructure to support a national paediatric learning health system. The PEDSnet clinical data research network is an association of eight childrens hospitals, two existing patient-centred disease-specific paediatric networks addressing inflammatory bowel disease and complex congenital heart disease, a newly formed paediatric obesity network, and two national data partners. Together they form the essential components of the National Paediatric Learning Health System (NPLHS). The NPLHS will establish the data sharing environment to enable a community of patients and clinicians, interacting at the point of care, to generate data that can be reused for research and quality improvement and to support continuous monitoring of outcomes that identify specific management practices as targets for comparative effectiveness research (CER). (Forrest et al., 2014) All the information about the patients are recorded using Patient Reported Data (PRD) for quality improvement, clinical practice, or research applications. Table 1: PEDSnet overview (Forrest et al., 2014) Point of Care Research (POC-R) Point of Care Research (POC-R) is a clinical study design that is used to compare two or more treatments that are considered equal. It takes advantage of Electronic health records to enable participant recruitment and data collection of the patients. The goal of POC-R is to embed research into clinical practice, contributing to a Learning Healthcare System (Weir et al., 2014). pSCANNER (part of the PCORnet) The patient-centred Scalable National Network for Effectiveness Research (pSCANNER), is a part of the recently formed PCORnet (Patient Centred Outcomes Research net), which is a national network composed of learning healthcare systems and patient-powered research networks funded by the Patient Centred Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI). Its mission is to provide health related data available to clinicians, researchers and other stakeholders to improve the health-related policies, decision-making and governance. It uses a distributed architecture to integrate data from three existing networks VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure (VINCI), University of California Research exchange (UC-ReX) and SCANNER, a consortium of UCSD covering over 21 million patients in all 50 states of the USA providing ambulatory care and community-based outpatient clinics with claims and health information exchange data. (Ohno-Machado et al., 2014). pSCANNER shares the data but also protects the privacy of patients at the same time. Only summary statistics are shared between the researcher and clinician. Initial use cases will focus on three conditions: congestive heart failure, Kawasaki disease and obesity. Stakeholders, such as patients, clinicians, and health service researchers, will be engaged to prioritize research questions to be answered through the network. The distributed system will be based on a common data model that allows the construction and evaluation of distributed multivariate models for a variety of statistical analyses. (Ohno-Machado et al., 2014) Learn From Every Patient (LFEP) The merging of three major trends in medicine, namely conversion to electronic health records (EHRs), prioritization of translational research, and the need to control healthcare expenditures, has created unique interests and chances to develop systems that advance healthcare while reducing the overall cost. But making a learning health system operational requires regular changes that have not yet been widely demonstrated in clinical practice. The authors developed, implemented, and evaluated a model of EHR-supported care in a cohort of 131 children with cerebral palsy that integrated clinical care, quality improvement, and research, entitled Learn from Every Patient (LFEP). Children treated in the LFEP Program for a 12-month period experienced a 43% reduction in total inpatient days, a 27% reduction in inpatient admissions, a 30% reduction in emergency department visits, and a 29% reduction in urgent care visits. LFEP Program implementation also resulted in reductions in healthcare costs of 210% (US$7014/child) versus a Time control group, and reductions of 176% ($6596/child) versus a Program Activities control group. Importantly, clinical implementation of the LFEP Program has also driven the continuous accumulation of robust research-quality data for both publication and implementation of evidence-based improvements in clinical care. These results demonstrate that a learning health system can be developed and implemented in a cost-effective manner, and can integrate clinical care and research to systematically drive simultaneous clinical quality improvement and reduced healthcare costs. (Lowes et al., 2017) Figure 1: The Learn From Every Patient (LFEP) model PaTH PaTH provides an informatics supported infrastructure for cohort identification and data sharing within the network of three targeted conditions: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), atrial fibrillation (AF), and obesity. It helps in linking the electronic patients records and understand the survey methods used in research. It uses an open source tools (i2b2 and SHRINE) to aggregate, analyze the distributed data, and facilitate patient centered, comparative effective research. It also helps in improving the decision making capability of both patients and physicians through collaborative process that brings each partner closer to the ideals of a learning health system. (Waqas Amin, 2014). DISCUSSION Big Data is an important but diverse intellectual movement seeking to bring new technologies of data acquisition, data integration, and data analysis into clinical research, hospital operations, and clinical practice. These trends will only accelerate for the foreseeable future, as they build on decades of others doing exactly those same things. Big Data will not solve fundamental challenges of either logical inference or of human behaviour. (Weir et al., 2014). Big Data will continue to provide new knowledge and decision-making support for an array of real and pressing clinical problems (Iwashyna and Liu, 2014). PEDSnet will transform paediatric healthcare and childrens health by developing an extensive and efficient digital infrastructure that enables all participants to work together in the work of producing new knowledge and improving health and care delivery. PEDSnet benefits from robust pre-existing resources and a unique history of collaboration by childrens hospitals that has fundamentally reshaped outcomes for previously fatal diseases, such as cystic fibrosis and many childhood cancers. As the basic digital structure to a learning health system, PEDSnet enables the quick application of new evidence into clinical practice and will address fundamental questions of clinical effectiveness for children and their families, particularly for individuals affected by serious, and generally rare, illness that persists into adulthood. (Forrest et al., 2014) The Point of Care Research (POC-R) highlights several possible factors important to a nationwide implementation of a pragmatic trial program. Participants were significantly concerned with added burden, changes in the provider-patient relationship, ethical implications, validity of results, and integration with workflow. To encourage and support provider buy-in, programs might consider provider training, marketing, and electronic support for decision-making. Providing evidence of equipoise and the validity of data capture might be essential for buy-in. Work process analysis should be part of the proposal. (Weir et al., 2014) pSCANNER will encode a significant portion of policies in software, use a flexible strategy to harmonize data, and use privacy-preserving technology that enables highly diverse institutions to join the network and allow stakeholders to participate. Significant challenges in terms of providing sufficient incentives for patients, clinicians, and health systems to participate and ensuring the sustainability of the network, which were not the focus of this article, will also need to be addressed. The pSCANNER project offers a unique opportunity to make progress toward these objectives, and share results with a community of researchers and representatives from a broader group of stakeholders. (Ohno-Machado et al., 2014) The introduction of EHR-supported care that integrated clinical care, quality improvement, and research resulted in large reductions in healthcare utilization, with associated reductions in charges. Direct comparisons with two distinct comparison groups, to account for the effects of time and LFEP Program activities, confirmed that patients in the LFEP Program had greater reductions both in healthcare utilization and healthcare charges than either control group. Together, these early results confirm that it is both feasible and cost-effective to operationalize key components of an LHS in a large academic medical center. Furthermore, such a system is able to simultaneously improve clinical care and efficiency, and reduce healthcare expenditures, while creating a robust research-quality data set enabling healthcare systems to systematically Learn from Every Patient. (Lowes et al., 2017) The PaTH network will adhere to best practices by using as its backbone open source tools (i2b2 and SHRINE) to aggregate data using standard vocabularies and provide distributed, de-identified cohort queries. PaTH will test these systems in three targeted disease conditions. PaTH will provide a robust informatics supported platform to facilitate comparative effectiveness research, support the conduct of clinical trials, and improve the decision-making capability of both patients and physicians through a collaborative process that brings each partner closer to the ideals of a learning health system. (Waqas Amin, 2014) CONCLUSION The ongoing feedback of insights from data to patients, clinicians, managers and policymakers can be a powerful motivator for change as well as provide an evidence base for action. Many studies and systems have demonstrated that routine data can be a powerful tool when used appropriately to improve the quality of care. A learning healthcare system may address the challenges faced by our health systems, but for routinely collected data to be used optimally within such a system, simultaneous development is needed in several areas, including analytical methods, data linkage, information infrastructures and ways to understand how the data were generated. (Deeny and Steventon, 2015) These results demonstrate that a learning health system can be developed and implemented in a cost-effective manner, and can integrate clinical care and research to steadily drive simultaneous clinical quality improvement and reduce the overall cost of healthcare. (Lowes et al., 2017) REFERENCES BRODY, H. MILLER, F. G. 2013. The Research-Clinical Practice Distinction, Learning Health Systems, and Relationships. Hastings Center Report, 43, 41-47. DEENY, S. R. STEVENTON, A. 2015. Making sense of the shadows: Priorities for creating a learning healthcare system based on routinely collected data. BMJ Quality and Safety, 24, 505-515. FORREST, C. B., MARGOLIS, P. A., CHARLES BAILEY, L., MARSOLO, K., DEL BECCARO, M. A., FINKELSTEIN, J. A., MILOV, D. E., VIELAND, V. J., WOLF, B. A., YU, F. B. KAHN, M. G. 2014. PEDSnet: A national pediatric learning health system. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 21, 602-606. GRANT, R. W., URATSU, C. S., ESTACIO, K. R., ALTSCHULER, A., KIM, E., FIREMAN, B., ADAMS, A. S., SCHMITTDIEL, J. A. HEISLER, M. 2016. Pre-Visit Prioritization for complex patients with diabetes: Randomized trial design and implementation within an integrated health care system. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 47, 196-201. IWASHYNA, T. J. LIU, V. 2014. Whats so different about big data?: A primer for clinicians trained to think epidemiologically. Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 11, 1130-1135. LOWES, L. P., NORITZ, G. H., NEWMEYER, A., EMBI, P. J., YIN, H., SMOYER, W. E., LEARN FROM EVERY PATIENT STUDY, G., TIDBALL, A., LOVE, L., SCHMIDT, J., GOLIAS, J. MILLER, M. 2017. Learn From Every Patient: implementation and early results of a learning health system. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 59, 183-191. OHNO-MACHADO, L., AGHA, Z., BELL, D. S., DAHM, L., DAY, M. E., DOCTOR, J. N., GABRIEL, D., KAHLON, M. K., KIM, K. K., HOGARTH, M., MATHENY, M. E., MEEKER, D. NEBEKER, J. R. 2014. pSCANNER: Patient-centered scalable national network for effectiveness research. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 21, 621-626. STEINER, J. F., SHAINLINE, M. R., BISHOP, M. C. XU, S. 2016. Reducing missed primary care appointments in a learning health system. Medical Care, 54, 689-696. WAQAS AMIN, F. R. T., CHARLES BORROMEO, CYNTHIA H CHUANG, 2014. PaTH: towards a learning health system in the Mid-Atlantic region. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 21, 633-636. WEIR, C. R., BUTLER, J., THRAEN, I., WOODS, P. A., HERMOS, J., FERGUSON, R., GLEASON, T., BARRUS, R. FIORE, L. 2014. Veterans Healthcare Administration providers attitudes and perceptions regarding pragmatic trials embedded at the point of care. Clinical Trials, 11, 292-299.

Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights - Class Struggles :: Wuthering Heights Essays

Wuthering Heights   - Class Struggles   Conflict is a basic foundation for Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights. Much of this conflict results from a distinct division of classes and is portrayed through such ways as personal relationships, appearance of characters, and even the setting. The division of classes is based on cultural, economic, and social differences, and it greatly affects the general behavior and actions of each character. The setting of the story at Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange provides a clear example of social contrast. While the Heights is depicted as simply typical and "domestic," the Grange is described as a "scene of unprecedented richness" (80). Each house is associated with behavior fitting the description. For example, when Catherine is taken into the Grange, she experiences drastic changes, thus going from a "savage" to a "lady" (80). While at this house, she rises in status, learns manners, and receives great privileges such as not having to work. Heathcliff, on the other hand, learns to classify himself as a member of the lower class, as he does not possess the qualities of those at the Grange. The critical essay explains a main point in Wuthering Heights, Catherine's decision to marry Edgar Linton rather than Heathcliff, and this decision widens the gap between social classes. Edgar Linton is a wealthy man of high status, and Heathcliff is poor and possesses no assets. Catherine does not consider personal feelings, but instead, she focuses on her outward appearance to society. "Edgar Linton will be rich and I shall like to be the greatest woman of the neighborhood whereas if Heathcliff and I married, we should be beggars (81). It is obvious that wealth justifies social class, and Catherine strives to achieve high status. The struggle between social classes roughly resembles a real-life conflict during this time. The book was published during the Industrial Revolution, a time of great economic change in which laborers fought for fair conditions in the workplace, and employers fought to defend themselves. People formed groups to work for their own benefit, thus, causing the separation of classes.

Martin Luther King -Research Paper Essay

ABSTRACT Countless individuals have been leaders for racial justice throughout history. Some are well known and some will never be known. The individuals here are neither the most important nor the best known; they are simply some representative figures that we have chosen in hopes that their stories may inspire others. Most of the individuals listed here were active in the United States, but the movement against racism is world-wide. There were many leaders in the civil rights struggle, but Martin Luther King was more than just the most conspicuous and eloquent among them. The present paper is an attempt to look into the social struggle backed by intense racial discrimination. The paper will also try to understand the role and contribution of great leaders towards the eradication and liberation of racial inequality. This paper is an attempt to analyze the role of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and his struggle for a more liberal society specifically for the black community. INTRODUCTION Time and again great people have taken birth on planet to safeguard human lives from devastation, both, natural and manmade. Many social evils have taken a heavy toll and have cost human lives. The most afflicting was untouchability practiced in India. In the similar time frame the world saw slavery and the racial tensions between the black and the whites. A few leaders that emerged as an icon in history and contributed in the eradication of racism are: Nelson Mandela, Mahatma Gandhi, Abraham Lincoln, John F Kennedy, Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar, Martin Luther King Jr.,Mother Teresa and a few more to name. Most of the individuals listed here were active in the United States, but the movement against racism is world-wide. What would the Civil Rights Movement be without the brave men and women who fought for equal rights? These leaders dedicated their lives to ending slavery, segregation, and unfair treatment. One such person who rose as a national icon in the history of modern American liber alism, an African American civil rights leader and is best known for his role in the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience is â€Å"Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.† For his contribution in the context of non-violence struggle he was titled as the ‘American Gandhi’. Martin Luther King previously known as Michael Luther was born in Atlanta, Georgia, in the year of 1929. He was brought up in a religious home, his father was a pastor. Martin followed in his dad’s footsteps and was ordained and became a minister of a Baptist church in the city Montgomery, Alabama. Montgomery was a place of great racism in the South. Dr. King saw this racism and felt something needed to be done. As for him being the newly elected president of the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA). He felt he needed to do something, so in 1955, December 1, when Rosa Parks didn’t give up her seat on the bus for a white passenger and was arrested. Martin made the decision to organize a boycott against the bus transportation. This is where the great leadership that Martin Luther King Jr. started. Although King was only thirty-nine at the time of his death, his life was remarkable for the ways it reflected and inspired so many of the twentieth century’s major intellectual, cultural, and political developments. This paper will try to elaborate on, King, as a personality, the influence of Gandhi’s ideologies on his life, his achievements as an Orator by analyzing few of the many speeches delivered by him and How effective he was as a leader? METHODOLOGY A lot of literature has already been written on this subject. Much of it has been dismissed considering the fact that no appropriate evidences were collected. (However, the present paper is an attempt to understand, evaluate and analyze the contribution made by Dr. Martin Luther King to eradicate the evils of racial inequality. Great leaders have discussed and debated their views in symposia held from time to time, many of which have also appeared in several publications. Over the last thirty years, considerable volume of literature has grown on the subject of racial inequality and some of the salient opinions expressed by various leaders are presented. Primary and Secondary sources will be used during this research. Books, articles in journals and certain websites will be used as secondary sources. This research will be predominantly ‘narrative’ and ‘analytical’ in nature. This paper is also a modest attempt to fill in the gap of what has already been written and the global understanding of this issue. Primary Sources have been collected from: http://www.thekingcenter.org/archive/theme/4758 DISCUSSION This discussion includes three main aspects of King’s personality i.e. King as a Leader, King As an orator and his famous I have a dream speech and the influence of Gandhi’s ideologies on King’s life. ‘KING AS A LEADER’ What defines an excellent leader? Is Leadership someone that can think creatively or can solve problems? Is a leader someone that knows what it takes to be a leader and to lead a group, or is it someone that sets goals for themselves and/or for the group. One could ponder these questions for a very long time but there is no true definition for leader or leadership. But you can look at people and decide if they are a good leader, by what outcomes they arrive at, the way they inspire people, and the qualities that they poses. All of these aspects are in one of the greatest leaders of all times and that would be, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. This man is one to be admired and sought to be like. The leadership that King shows is, not to be afraid of anything, to stand up for your people, to stand up for the right of your people, and lastly to fight with nonviolence for your people. King took action against segregation from that day, to his death. By taking action I mean that he formed many organizations one of which was Southern Christian Leadership Conference, which allowed him to pursue other civil rights activities. This grew to be nationwide and allowed Martin L. King to help his people through his leadership skills. He set goals for himself and for his people. The goals he set for himself was that† I will not rest until all black men, women, children are free of segregation†. Which meant he would not rest until all his people were free and would do anything to help them have their freedom? The goals he set for his people were of independence, desegregation, and to have their freedom. By setting these goals it shows that King is a great leader. I feel you have to set goals to accomplish your task. By him setting these goals everyone is on the same track, and the people are looking to achieve the same goals and dreams. Which he showed his dreams when he gave the speech at Washington â€Å"The I Have a Dream† speech. Martin Luther King shows great leadership by his demonstrations of non-violence acts all of his organizations all the speeches he gave and all the letters he wrote . Through this it shows he is a man of intelligence, determination, also integrity. I say intelligence because in his demonstrations, if he would have fought back he and many others would have been killed or seriously injured and it would be his fault and he would have let his people down. So by using his brain he was able to show that the use of violence would result in violence. Not the fact that the demonstration was about the Civil Rights and the desegregation of Blacks. He also showed his intelligence by the letters and the speeches he wrote. The one that was the most inspirational was the â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech which is elaborated in the later part of this discussion. This speech touched so many people. It changed the way many people thought about blacks. With the words of Martin Luther King he helped to get desegregation in the Southern states of Mississippi, Alabama, Carolina, Georgia etc just throw his leadership skills and his motivational words that ring till this day. King showed his determination through getting thrown in jail, being hit wi th sticks, fists, and being called a â€Å"Niger†. All of which hurt him but he would not let that stop him from getting his people free using non-violence and He did not want to show he was scared of the white community he wanted to show his people no fear. So he faced these obstacles head on and didn’t back down. He showed his dedication and determination to achieve his goals and the goals of his people and to show no fear, and to make his people feel no fear in the white community. By this Blacks became unafraid of white and helped them get there desegregation. Martin showed his integrity by taking responsibility for his actions, shown by him going to jail and by him being beat up or even killed. This man inspires confidence in others because he can be trusted to do what he says he will do. King says he will fight until freedom rings that mean that he will fight till freedom rings, in which he did. He showed the most integrity when he was killed. He showed that he would give is life to have desegregation and to have his peo ple have their freedom from all whites. ‘INFLUENCE OF GANDHI ON KING’S LIFE’ An event that played as an integral part of his life was his visit to India in 1959 as he increased his understanding of Gandhian ideas during his month-long visit sponsored by the American Friends Service Committee. With Coretta and MIA historian Lawrence D. Reddick in tow, King meet with many Indian leaders, including Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. Writing after his return, King stated, â€Å"I left India more convinced than ever before that non-violent resistance is the most potent weapon available to oppressed people in their struggle for freedom† Is it true that much of Martin Luther King’s success resulted from the passive resistance techniques proposed by Mahatma Gandhi? The answer is Yes, Both Gandhi and Martin Luther King used passive resistance to fight for social justice and equality but their individual use of it varies immensely. In the early 1900s, Gandhi inspired a successful nonviolence movement to end the British Raj in India. Gandhi strongly believed that nonviolence or Satyagraha was the most influential way to fight unjust laws and discrimination. Following Gandhi’s movement, in the late 1950s and 1960s was a similar movement sparked by Martin Luther King, Jr. King mimicked Gandhi’s utilization of Gandhi’s nonviolence for the purpose of liberating the discriminated black community in America. The most potent difference between the two leaders was their cause for employing nonviolence and the unforgiving situations and opposers they fought. In Gandhi’s era, he was battling the minority, but brutal force of the British Empire, but King fought the racial injustice and inequality that plagued American society, lurking on every street corner. Both tasks are no easy feat, but time and time again, one sees the tactic of nonviolence defeating even the most noble militia. Although King’s use of nonviolence is very similar to Gandhi’s, there are a few critical differences in how Gandhi executed Satyagraha compared to Dr. King’s use of adopted nonviolence because of the difference in situa tions that they were faced with. Since many of King’s tactics were based on Gandhi’s, the two influential leaders shared a very similar viewpoint on nonviolent resistance including the use of tactics such as civil disobedience and noncooperation. Both leaders used the powerful nonviolent force to fight social injustices of their time. Their methods for successfully utilizing nonviolence were civil disobedience and noncooperation. In April 1930, Gandhi successfully lead the Salt March from Sabarmati, and traveled over 240 miles to Dandi where thousands of Indians produced salt from their Ocean, defying the British salt monopoly.This act of civil disobedience was to combat the unjust law of British Salt taxes. Similarly, King lead civil disobedience demonstrations with lunch counter sit-ins where black students would try to fight the unjust laws of segregation by sitting at an all white lunch counter. Gandhi also used noncooperation to boycott British. ‘I HAVE A DREAM SPEECH’ King’s ability to focus national attention on orchestrated confrontations with racist authorities, combined with his oration at the 1963 March on Washington, made him the most influential African-American spokesperson of the first half of the 1960s. Martin Luther King showed different types of leadership through his preaching, his â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech, boycotts, his marches, and his death. It is a 17-minute public speech by Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered on August 28, 1963, in which he called for racial equality and an end to discrimination. The speech, from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, was a defining moment of the American Civil Rights Movement. Delivered to over 200,000 civil rights supporters, the speech was ranked the top American speech of the 20th century by a 1999 poll of scholars of public address. Dr. King had the power, the ability, and the capacity to transform those steps on the Lincoln Memorial into a monumental area that will forever be recognized. By speaking the way he did, he educated, he inspired, he informed not just the people there, but people throughout America and unborn generations.All of these demonstrations show that he is the greatest leader of all time. He changed America, he changed segregation, he changed the way people think of people. All of his great qualities came in handy for him to be this great leader. To be remembered as a great man and leader ever to live and die doing what he believed in, and what he thought was right. ‘KING AS AN ORTOR’ †¢ He is famous for his wisdom and persuasive speeches against segregation of African Americans. He accomplished his success mostly through speeches, but also through his written essays. Although, his speeches were intense and filled with much persuasion, Martin had a way with words when he wrote too. †¢ He analyzed statements and responded in an argumentative manner. He demonstrated this through persuasive statements, answering quotes from the community, and used a past leader as an example. †¢ Martin Luther King had a way with words. He simply expressed himself in a manner that the people could understand. One way this was proposed, he used persuasive wording in order to demonstrate his particular feeling of that certain topic. Not only did Martin persuade the readers and or listeners with words of wisdom, but he also used quotes, good or bad, to argue against segregation and to explain why it was unjust. †¢ Martin’s main goal was to make the public aware of the problems it faces every day. His answers provide a continuous void of satisfaction to the readers naked eye, but filters those minds who’s thoughts were garbled with lies of the community. †¢ Martin Luther King Jr. not only answered the community, but he used important men as examples. One of them being, the ever so famous, Adolf Hitler. †¢ He displayed courage and wisdom in rare form. Only, to prove his worth as a U.S. citizen and his worth to his community. Martin Luther King Jr. truly was a magnificent and remarkable man. No matter what the people threw at him he had an answer for it. He used persuasive thoughts and words of wisdom in such a way that he will be remembered as one of the most dominating leaders of his time. CONCLUSION This brings us to a conclusion that King was a great leader and a also man that will never be forgotten. This is because of all the good things that he has done for America and the Black population. No one will ever forget this man because of his hard work, determination, loyalty to his people, is loyalty to his work, the trust people shared in him, how intelligent he was to make the right decision on his movements and speeches. Martin Luther King is a very inspiring individual, a man that will show you what is right and how it is going to be when all is over. He is the kind of man that will show you his dreams, and show you how he is feeling. But when it comes down to everything he is on top. He hits every aspect of a not good but great leader. Your forever Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. REFRENCES Primary Source: http://www.thekingcenter.org/archive/theme/4758 Martin Luther King Jr.: www.wikipedia.com Peter Ling’s examination on King’s leadership role during his campaign for peace and justice – http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/recent/martin_luther_king_01.shtml Martin Luther King Jr. and the Global Freedom Struggle – http://mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/index.php/encyclopedia/encyclopedia/enc_martin_luther_king_jr_biography/ Comparative study (Gandhi and king): http://socyberty.com/history/comparing-and-contrasting-gandhi-and-king/#ixzz22p4VniYk Analysis of I have a dream speech, by By Stevie Edwards: http://www.presentationmagazine.com/analysis-of-martin-luther-kings-i-have-a-dream-speech-8059.htm Fight Against Racism: http://www.civilrightsmovement.co.uk/fight-against-racism.html Martin Luther King Jr. Historic site :http://www.nps.gov/malu/index.htm