Saturday, May 23, 2020
Don’t Quit Your Day Job Citizen Journalism - 816 Words
The toxic aroma of despair fell upon Virginia Tech, April 16, 2007, when a gunman opened fired on the university’s campus resulting in thirty-three deaths along with more than a dozen injuries and a permanent wound to the community. Journalist and writer, Lilly Yulianti, posted an article one day after the tragedy identifying a newer form of journalism identified as active citizen reporters. Yuliantis article, Praise for Student’s Footage of Virginia Tech Mass Killing, received a voice in an online news outlet where writings of new forms are welcomed. Time and incident met and a young man, by the name of Jamal Albarghouti, stepped on the school campus and with instinct noticed a chill in the temperament of the vast province of student life and possessed the instant sensitivity captured in a moment of time that would prove to be a rare form of documentation for the indecent events that occurred. (Rottenburg and Haisty Winchell 262-264) Yulianti supports the student-initi ated video taken by Albarghouti, his untrained reporting skills as well as the use of what CNN and other news outlets referred to as a citizen reporter. (Rottenburg and Haisty Winchell 263) No official employment post was awarded to this experienced smart phone user however; CNN quickly recognized, along with a host of other talk show hosts and news stations, the value of welcoming news video from non-professional videographers. Don’t quit your day job in light of this newly developing opportunity; it isShow MoreRelatedGreatest Generations, Tom Brokaw2955 Words  | 12 Pagesalthough a horrible day for the nation it also united us and made us stand up for the counter with pride. Even with that pride, there is not much sacrificing in these current generations. Back during WWII you could go back behind a house and you were almost guaranteed to see a victory garden, a garden full of vegetables and other food, because stores were rationing food for the war effort. Today what s acrifices do you see? What do you see people doing for the country, because I don’t see much. FamilyRead MorePsychological Effects of Teenage Pregnancy4863 Words  | 20 Pagesschool, family, relationships and health. The feelings of guilt may continue throughout the years if not brought out into the open and dealt with. Future Problems * Teenage mothers are at a higher risk of poverty, inability to maintain a stable job, ending up in abusive homes, having children who perform poorly in school, and having daughters with a 22% higher risk of also becoming pregnant during their teenage years, according to research conducted by the American Academy of Child amp; AdolescentRead MoreStay Hungry Stay Foolish : Book Report3950 Words  | 16 Pagesthat you are passionate about and the other things will eventually fall in place. He believed in picking up ideas and opportunities, some being created and some coming his way. He practised ethical leadership. He believed that if you are honest to your purpose, you ve never cheated anybody and you show clear focus, commitment, there are people in society who will go out of their way to back you. His instrumental values of integrity, optimism and perseverance led him to his aspired terminal stateRead MoreTemperament Style7042 Words  | 29 Pagessixteen types of people. 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It includes a system of interrelated lexical, phraseological andRead MoreEssay on A Horse and Two Goats: Detailed Summary7459 Words  | 30 PagesDetailed Summary A Horse and Two Goats is the story of a comical and fateful meeting between two men, neither of who speak each others language. Muni and his wife live in poverty in a remote village in India called Kritam. In his prosperous days, before pestilence took most of his cattle, Muni had 40 sheep and goats. Now, in his old age, Muni has just two goats. His usual daily routine is to take the goats to graze two miles from his home, alongside the highway, at the foot of a life-sizedRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words  | 760 PagesAttribution You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author, namely by citing his name, the book title, and the relevant page numbers (but not in any way that suggests that the book Logical Reasoning or its author endorse you or your use of the work). (2) Noncommercial You may not use this work for commercial purposes (for example, by inserting passages into a book that is sold to students). (3) No Derivative Works You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. An earlierRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words  | 1617 Pageslittle work experience. Reason #1: It focuses attention on what effective managers actually â€Å"do. †In an influential article, Henry Mintzberg (1975) argued that management education had almost nothing to say about what managers actually do from day to day. He further faulted management textbooks for introducing students to the leading theories about management while ignoring what is known about effective management practice. Sympathetic to Mintzberg’s critique, we set out to identify the definingRead MoreMass Media in General and Newspapers12440 Words  | 50 PagesRationale Mass media in general and newspapers in particular nowadays play a very important role in our lives. Many people even say that living in the world without newspapers is like living in an isolated island. Newspapers help us become informed citizens and make better decision by providing a lot of facts. Hard news stories, vital statistics, weather, sports stories and scores and even calendars are examples of items that help inform readers. Some newspaper articles help interpret or explain theRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words  | 604 Pagesthe use of crossfunctional work teams, and significantly increasing training. To ease employee and managerial anxieties about the changes, GE Fanuc promised that no employees would lose their jobs. Managers and supervisors affected by the elimination of levels were offered promotions, transfers to other jobs in GE Fanuc, or early retirement buyouts. Additionally, employees were promised profit sharing, which has resulted in up to thre e weeks additional pay in profit sharing bonuses in some years.
Monday, May 11, 2020
Airline Deregulation Essay - 1046 Words
On October 24, 1978, President Carter signed into law the Airline Deregulation Act. The purpose of the law was to effectively get the federal government out of the airline business. By allowing the airlines to compete for their customers travel dollars, was the thinking, that fares would drop and an increased number of routes would spring up. Expected Results The results of airline deregulation speak for themselves. Since the government got out of the airline business, not only has there been a drop in prices and an increase in routes, there has also been a remarkable increase in airline service and safety. Airline deregulation should be seen as the crowning jewel of a federal de-regulatory emphasis. Prices are down: Airline†¦show more content†¦A drop in fares has been the best result of the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978. It has been the impetus for the increase in the number of flights, which in turn has spurred a drive for greater safety in airlines. But with the current airline market, this development has given us one negative. Since ticket prices have dropped to new lows, the realities of an industry which operates on such economies of scale dictates that only a few competitors have the capacity to operate within the market. This is not the desired effect of either political side on this issue, but it is an economic nece ssity with the environment that has been created, very similar to that of public utilities and phone companies. The Best of Both Worlds The U.S. airline market admittedly operates in an oligarchal fashion. But is this not the best policy for air travel? The success of the large carriers has enabled a drop in fares, and while entry into the market is difficult, it is not impossible. Upstarts such as Southwest Airlines are able to find a market niche and exploit it into profitability. Maybe benevolent oligarchy should be the term... Turn the Market Loose! Those in the de-regulation camp see an opportunity to expand on the Deregulation Act. When the act was written, the government was taken out of the business of setting fares and routes. But various municipalities still retain ownership over airports. Given the massive improvementsShow MoreRelatedAirline Deregulation1054 Words  | 5 Pages1978, President Carter signed into law the Airline Deregulation Act. The purpose of the law was to effectively get the federal government out of the airline business. By allowing the airlines to compete for their customers travel dollars, was the thinking, that fares would drop and an increased number of routes would spring up. Expected Results The results of airline deregulation speak for themselves. Since the government got out of the airline business, not only has there been a drop inRead MoreAirline Deregulation1587 Words  | 7 Pages Airline Deregulation act of 1978 Aston A Samms Embry Riddle Aeronautical University Abstract The United States Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 was a dramatic turning point in America. It was the first systematic dismantling of a comprehensive system of government control since the Supreme Court declared the National Recovery Act unconstitutional in 1935. It was also part of a broader movement that, with varying degrees of thoroughness, transformed such industries as trucking, railroads, busesRead MoreThe Deregulation Act Of The Airlines846 Words  | 4 Pagescorroboration that the real cost has not declined after the act does not relate to airlines profit. Steven A. Morrison, the chair of the Department of Economics at Northeastern University, discusses the deregulation affects in his article. Although he evaluates deregulation to be good for the consumers, he argues that the deregulation act has been detrimental to the airlines despite the increase in load factors. Deregulation has created ever-increasing competition that even after mergers, increased efficiencyRead Mor eThe Deregulation Of The Airline Industry1037 Words  | 5 Pagesput all commercial airlines under the Railway Labor Act. Since then, there was a period of 42 years under economic regulation where the government oversaw labor relations. Since deregulation, the goals of collective bargaining have not changed much, nor have the objectives of management and labor unions. (Wensveen, 2011, p. 422) The deregulation of the airline industry may have been a win for passengers, but most likely not a win for labor groups. Prior to deregulation the airline industry was highlyRead MoreDeregulation of the Airline Industry1754 Words  | 8 PagesDeregulation of the Airline Industry The airline industry has been subject of intense price competition since it was deregulated, and the result has been a number of new carriers which specialize in regional service and no-frills operations. These carriers typically purchase older aircraft and often operate outside the industry-wide computerized reservations system. In exchange for these inconveniences, passengers receive low fares relative to the industry as a whole. This research examinesRead MoreAirline Deregulation Act Of 1978 Signed1291 Words  | 6 PagesINTRODUCTION Airline deregulation was the process of removing the government imposed regulations on the entry of new airlines as well the airline fare limiting the competition and growth of the airline industry. In the United States, airline deregulation mainly refers to the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 signed by President Carter. President Carter signed the Act, but the act was proposed initially during Nixon’s administration, and carried through Ford administration. The airlines industry wasRead MoreAirline Deregulation Act Of 1978 Signed1398 Words  | 6 PagesINTRODUCTION Airline deregulation is the process of removing the government-imposed regulations on the entry of new airlines as well the airline fare limiting the competition and growth of the airline industry. In the United States, airline deregulation mainly refers to the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 signed by President Carter. President Carter signed the Act, but the act was proposed initially during Nixon’s presidency, and was carried out by the Ford Administration. The airline industry wasRead MoreThe Airline Deregulation Act Of 1978842 Words  | 4 Pageschanged how we live and experience the world as a result of the airline industry - we are able to settle, travel, and conduct business in places once deemed remote and inaccessible, and our world is undoubtedly more interconnected. Traveling by air has become a commonplace service, altering our perception of distance and diminishing travel time, and the industry is continuously making efforts to improve and advance. The Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 within the United States promulgated an era ofRead MoreThe Airline Deregulation Act Of 19781435 Words  | 6 Pageschanged how we live and experience the world as a result of the airline industry - we are able to settle, travel, and conduct business in places once deemed remote and inaccessible, and our world is undoubtedly more interconnected. Traveling by air has become a commonplace service, altering our perception of distance and diminishing travel time, and the industry is continuously making efforts to improve and advance. The Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 within the United States promulgated an era ofRead MoreNational Airline Market Analysis : The Airline Deregulation Act Of 19781702 Words  | 7 PagesNational Airline Market Analysis In response to this foreign competition and domestic pressures the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 was passed. Deregulation meant the market would be generally free from government controls and operate under free-market principles. By the early 1980s new carriers flooded the market causing an initial drop in fare prices. In this new market Airlines such as Pan American and TWA suffer financially. Many of the large legacy airlines that operated successfully under
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Bretton Woods Essay Free Essays
Bretton Woods Conference The Background During the World War I and World War II the international monetary system is split into several competing currency blocs, the fierce trade war between the global recession and nation. In the post-World War II, at the end of World War II, the U. S. We will write a custom essay sample on Bretton Woods Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now dollar has enjoyed a unique and powerful position in international trade and also because British and American governments for consideration of national interests, ideas and design of post-war international monetary system, proposed separately by the â€Å"White Plan†and â€Å"the Keynes plan. Huai-held plans†and â€Å"Keynes Plan†with is the establishment of international financial institutions, stabilize the exchange rate, the expansion of international trade, and promoting world economic development for the purpose, but the way they operate. Because the United States boarded the supreme world leader of the capitalist world economic crisis and after World War II, the dollar’s international status because of its strength of the international gold reserves to get a solid, the two sides reached in April 1944, reflects the White Plan on the establishment of the GB currency experts of the Fund a joint statement. What is â€Å"Bretton woods conferenceâ₠¬ ? The United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference, commonly known as the Bretton Woods conference, Bretton woods system or Bretton woods agreements. It was a gathering of 730 delegates from all 44 Allied nations at the Mount Washington Hotel, situated in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, to regulate the international monetary and financial order after the conclusion of World War II. The conference was held from 1-22 July 1944, when the agreements were signed to set up the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). It established the rules for commercial and financial relations among the world’s major industrial states in the mid 20th century and also was the first example of a fully negotiated onetary order intended to govern monetary relations among independent nation-states. As a result of the conference, the Bretton Woods system of exchange rate management was set up, which remained in place until itself collapsed in 1971, when President Richard Nixon severed the link between the dollar and gold. What they agreed: * Formation of the IMF and the IBRD (World Bank) Adjustably secured foreign exchange market rate system: * Exchange rate were fixed, with the provision of changing them if necessary * Currencies were required to be convertible for trade related and other current account transactions * All member countries were required to subscribe to the IMF’s capital * if exchange rate might not be favorable to a country’s balance of payments position, the governments had the power to revise them by up to 10% Who’s involved? Delegation from around the world Australia|                     India|     Belgium|                     Iran|     Bolivia|                     Iraq|     Brazil|                     Liberia|     Canada|                     Luxembourg|     Chile|                     Mexico|     China|                     Netherlands|     Colombia|                     New Zealand|     Costa Rica|                     Nicaragua|     Cuba|                     Norway|     Czechoslovakia|                     Panama|     Dominican Republic|                     Paraguay|     Ecuador|                     Peru|     Egypt|                     Philippines|     El Salvador|                     Poland|     Ethiopia|                     Union of South Africa|     France|                     Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)|     Greece|                     United Kingdom|     Guatemala|                     United States|     Haiti|                     Uruguay|     Honduras|                     Venezuela|     Iceland|                     Yugoslavia| The United States, having the largest delegation, brought a wide spectrum of economists and politicians to the Bretton Woods Conference. China, represented by the Nationalist government of Chiang Kai-shek, played an active role and was granted the fifth largest quota among the original members of the IMF. Cuba, governed by Ramon Raul San Martin, sent a delegation that represented the interests of small agricultural economies. Delegates from many Latin American nations were deeply involved in the negotiations. The democratic process at Bretton Woods ensured that concerns of all countries were addressed. Though the delegation from the Soviet Union was active at the Conference and signed the draft Articles, the Soviet government later decided not to join the Fund or the Bank. The cooperation of the U. S. and USSR delegations was a positive moment before the onset of the Cold War. In 1944, the Indian delegation to Bretton Woods included both British citizens as well as Indian nationals, as India was still part of the British Empire. Alexander Argyropulos (at right in photo), a member of the Greek delegation, arrived in New York on June 21. Argyropulos had been a prisoner of war for a year. His arrival in the United States culminated in the reunion with his wife and daughter, who had escaped Greece when Axis forces invaded. Camille Gutt one of the Belgian delegation. Once the Fund was established, Gutt was elected as its first Managing Director, a post he held until 1951. Outcomes: The Conference led to the creation of three organizations in order to lead the world economy in the right direction. The International Monetary Fund (IMF), the General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT) and the World Bank. The IMF was intended for keeping track of the monetary policy, to balance the exchange rates, reduce restrictions on the foreign exchange rate, and provide loans to invest in the infrastructure of developing countries and countries that had debts. The number of votes a country for the IMF board depends on its contribution factor towards the reserve. The U. S, U. K, Japan, Germany have 40% of the votes. Out of that percentage, the U. S has 17% of the votes, making them the majority power in the IMF. The GATT encouraged â€Å"laissez-faire system†, to make trade without government intervention, to reduce taxes when two countries are trading with each other and make it fair. It is known now as the World Trade Organization. The World Bank main idea and purpose was to help third world countries and reduce poverty, and to corporations who want to aid the developing countries. The World Bank would offer loans to rebuild roads and utilities. These were the organizations that emerged from the Bretton Woods Agreement. Another outcome for the United States was the Dollar being a â€Å"World Reserve Currency†and that all trade and business will be done in American dollars. Even trade between two different nations that do not use the American dollar as their currency; will do business with each other using the dollar. For example the price of oil from Saudi Arabia will not be in Saudi Rials, but in American dollars. Then those dollars would be redeemable through gold from the U. S at a fixed price of 35$ per ounce. All the countries that signed the Bretton Woods Agreement agreed to fix their currency with the same value as the value of gold. The supply of money a country had went hand in hand with its gold reserves. The countries that were not rich in gold, would have to borrow money in order to finance their investments and development. The system performed trade through stable and adjustable exchange rates. However there was an increase in demand for dollars which lead to an increase in trade deficits, and the value of the dollar remained high. The United states couldn’t fix the exchange rate between itself and other urrencies. It became known as the â€Å"n’th currency problem†. All the countries currencies were at par with the US dollar. The United States worth of gold was $26 billion by 1964. The world’s worth of gold was $33 billion. Many countries held the U. S dollar as their main reserve asset. Because of that, the French President, De Gaulle said the U. S had a privilege of unlimited financing, because of the majority of countries having dollar assets. The U. S was unable to eliminate its deficits. The ways in which the balance payment deficits could be corrected include deflating the economy by using a monetary policy, which means raising interest rates. Another policy to use is the Fiscal Policy that includes reducing government spending in order to reduce demand. The U. S could have also devalued its currency, which meant foreign currency prices are higher. This would reduce exports from foreign currencies, and more exports from the U. S. The Bretton Woods system was successful until 1971, August 15th. A few measures were taken to avoid the system going to fail. They included imposing an â€Å"interest equalization tax†to reduce the outflow of investments and private capital. However this lead to more loans from foreign borrowers. A lot of the funds went to financial institutions in places lke Europe and Japan. The United States President Nixon said the amount of gold that was sent out of the U. S for the 27 years since the agreement was unsustainable. He announced a 90-day freeze on wages and prices, a 10% import surcharge on imports and suspended converting dollars into gold. The value of gold had increased, yet the price of $35 per ounce remained. Even though many countries still owed money to the U. S and were in debt. References: http://weber. ucsd. edu/~jlbroz/Courses/Lund/handouts/Lecture12%20_Bretton_%20Woods. pdf http://id. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sistem_Bretton_Woods http://www2. econ. iastate. edu/classes/econ355/choi/bre. htm http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Bretton_Woods_system http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Gold_standard How to cite Bretton Woods Essay, Essay examples
Friday, May 1, 2020
Cyber Terrorism for Security and Mobility-myassignmenthelp.com
Question: Write about theCyber Terrorism for Security and Mobility. Answer: Introduction In this era of technology, cyber crimes are increasing at a high rate. Information and communication technology has been profitable for the society but at the same time it imposes high threat to the society (Alsaadi Tubaishat, 2015). Cyber crimes have different forms and types. The general meaning of terrorism is a threat that aims to create a sense of fear in the society. There is no clear understanding of this issue. Cyber terrorism tends to create severe threat for the security of information system (Ahmad Yunos, 2012). Cyber terrorism comprises of the concept of terrorism as well as cyberspace. This is an unlawful act that attacks computer systems as well as networks. This research report gives a brief overview of what cyber terrorism is. It discusses about the challenges and problems that are encountered by the society due to this cyber attack. It also talks about the technologies that are relevant in this context as well as the application of these technologies. This report also points out the issues that are not given much importance. It also gives a brief explanation about the importance of these issues. . At the end this report gave a proper explanation about the lessons learnt. Discussion Cyber Terrorism This type of terrorist act is done over the Internet. Terrorist activities take place because of some kind of political or national influence (Ahmad, Yunos Sahib, 2012). There is no clear understanding behind the motive of terrorism. The cyber terrorists use the cyber space to get access to information and misuse the information for their own benefits. The result of the cyber terrorism can create the fear of traditional terrorist attacks. Some computer attacks can even lead to the death of people and infrastructural damage. The cyber terrorists tend to destroy the system and attack the interest of the civilians as well as the public sector people. The target of this terrorist attack is to have an impact on the political structure. These types of attacks are planned from before. There is convergence in the logic of terrorism as well as the cyberspace. Technology is responsible for making a connection between the physical and virtual world. Technology has weaknesses and these weakness es can be exploited by the attackers to take advantage of the system and harm the nation. Jihadists, insurgents and terrorist organizations have made use of the Internet in order to plan attacks and spread wrong messages among the society. They had disruptive purpose. There are vulnerabilities that exist in the system that can be exploited by the cyber terrorists. The act of computer fraud also falls under the category of cyber terrorism. They create access the information system in an unauthorized manner to gain access to sensitive data so that they can utilize the data for harming the social, religious, ideological, political as well as similar objectives. Denial of service attack cannot generate much fear in the nation but it has high potential for generating second and high order effects. Consider a situation where emergency and telecommunication services are stopped during a period of crisis, the impact of this can be catastrophic in nature. Cyberspace can be defined as the global domain that exists within the environment of information technology. Important information can be shared over the internet. This is a dangerous space and has vulnerabilities. Cyber terrorists focus on giving up the old techniques of attacking by weapons and make the use of the technology. The cyber terrorism can attack several targets like computer system, gover nment information system, data banks and oil refineries. Characteristics of Cyber Terrorism The cyber in the cyber terrorism is the virtual space or the internet (Torres Soriano, 2012). There are certain characteristics of cyber terrorisms like: It is executed over the cyberspace. The aim of the terrorist attack is ideological or political. Cyber terrorism is either violent in nature or it threatens violence. The psychological repercussions are beyond immediate targets or victims. This type of act is conducted by organization or a conspiracy cell or individuals who are influenced by any religious or ideological move. A non state entity plays a major role. Challenges and Problems The effects of any cyber terrorist attacks are extremely devastating in nature. It affects the entire nation as the infrastructures are totally dependent on the computer networks (Awan, 2014). The major problem that occurs due to cyber terrorism is the threat of national security. It also affects the public policy in a negative manner. This act is effective for terrorist groups. Technical Impediments: The authorities are unable to detect any type of terrorist activity over the internet (PakObserver, 2017). Internet features does not disclose the identity of the people and therefore this causes issues in tracing any type of criminal activity. Legislative Aspect: There are several laws for controlling the crime levels in the country. But these laws are not able to address properly any type of cyber terrorism act. Most of the laws do not include the use of internet technology. Partnership: Cooperation becomes a main issue because of cyber terrorism. This takes place because the fear of cyber terrorism creates a sense of unwillingness to share sensitive information among the organizations (Bogdanoski Petreski, 2013). This will create a sense of negativity and there will be issues in creating partnership between the public and private sectors. The System of Electric Power: One of the main targets of cyber terrorists is the power system. There are computer systems that control these systems (Tehrani, Manap Taji, 2013). If these controlling systems are attacked then it can disrupt and shut down the power supply. This could affect a society or nation. Money Transactions: Most of the people prefer perform online transaction of money. The terrorists can easily get access to the bank details and transfer money to their own country by affecting the economy of the victim country (Hua Bapna, 2013). Military Operations: Cyber terrorists can hack the system operated by the military and steal sensitive information later on to make a physical attack. Government Security: The government of the state can be in problem if the government information is stolen by the cyber terrorists. Relevant Technologies and its Applications in Cyber Terrorism Cyber terrorists make the most use of advanced technology in order to create terror. If a country is extremely advanced in technology then it is more prone to the attacks of the cyber terrorists. Terrorist organizations make the use of information and communication technology in order to gain power over the nation or state. ICT can be used for faster communication among the terrorist groups. Internet plays a major role in cyber terrorism. The terrorists use the internet to harm the nation and state (Abomhara, 2015). Internet has several advantages that help the community to survive and develop with time. But at the same time the vulnerabilities can be exploited by the terrorists to spread fear in the country. Malware tools are designed by the terrorist groups to get access to sensitive information (Luiijf, 2012). The information of the people is stored in several cloud servers that can be attacked in order to affect the entire nation. Mobile technology can be used by the Jihadists to spread some kind of propaganda regarding any political or ideological issue. This can influence the minds of the people. The computer systems can get attacked. The cyber terrorists can hack the computer and information system of a government site so that it can be used to get sensitive information for harming the state. There can be virus attacks and also denial of service attacks. The information technology plays a vital role in assisting the cyber terrorists to plan and execute cyber attacks and spreading fear over the internet (Jarvis, Macdonald Nouri, 2014). The internet can be used by terrorist groups to publish any type of wrong ideas for creating fear among the public. The terrorist groups can even find each other over the internet to plan a harmful act. Operational information can be hacked. Logistics operations are also possible by using internet. Bluetooth technology is also harmful because it helps to connect wireless devices and helps the terrorists to transmit information and creates propaganda. Use of social media platforms also assist in the act of cyber terrorism. The advancement of te chnology is increasing the chance of cyber terrorism. Cryptography is a technique of converting plain texts into cipher or encrypted text. It has several advantages. But it can be used in order to harm the nation as well. It can be a threat to the government. This technology can prevent the government from getting details about the attackers and will not be able to prevent the attack. Steganography is an act of hiding information and data inside objects. Organizations can use these tools to prevent any unauthorized access. Some images can contain secret data in them. This technology can be used by the cyber terrorists to exchange messages. Issues Discussed The cyber terrorists use the ICT to disrupt the systems and services in order to create fear in the nation. It uses the advanced technologies to spread threatening messages among the people of the nation (Manap Tehrani, 2012). There are several other issues like it can affect online transactions also. It uses disruptive activities to attack a computer system or network. Another major issue related to cyber terrorism is the attack of government system to harm the society (Chuipka, 2016). The terrorists can take the help of ICT to hack the system. Cyber terrorism is violent in nature and is designed for creating a psychological repercussion. It has political and ideological aim. Malware tools are designed by the terrorist groups to get access to sensitive information. The information of the people is stored in several cloud servers that can be attacked in order to affect the entire nation Important Issues that are not Addressed and its Impact The main focus was given on financial transaction and monetary issues. But there can be issues beyond that. Some of them are as follows: The System of Water Supply: The cyber terrorists can attack the flood gates of the dams. It is based on functional system and if they are attacked then it can result in the loss of lives of several people. There can be shut down in the supply of water. The System of Air Traffic Control: The emergency call system can be disrupted plus there can be delays in the flights due to the attack (Ackoski Dojcinovski, 2012). Healthcare Infrastructure: Most of the healthcare systems are dependent on the use of Internet. The cyber terrorists can attack such systems and harm the healthcare facilities of the entire society and nation (Harries Yellowlees, 2013). The health records and records regarding any insurance or medicines can be modified or removed. Important Lessons It can be seen that in this era of technology, people need the internet for the purpose of communication and other development purposes. ICT has several advantages. We have been familiar with the benefits of the use of ICT. But this research report has pointed out the harmful side of the advanced technologies also. Cyberspace is a huge space in the internet. There are several vulnerabilities in the internet. These vulnerabilities can be exploited by the attackers in order to harm the society. There are several types of attacks that can take place over the internet. There is a difference between cyber attack and cyber terrorism. Cyber terrorism aims to spread fear among the people in the nation or state. Cyber attacks are meant for stealing the data from an information system. The cyber terrorists use the ICT to disrupt the systems and services in order to create fear in the nation. It uses the advanced technologies to spread threatening messages among the people of the nation. Conclusion This research report concludes that the information and technological advances are responsible for the cause of cyber terrorism. This research report gave a brief overview of what cyber terrorism is. It discussed about the challenges and problems that are encountered by the society due to this cyber attack. It also gave a brief explanation about the importance of these issues. At the end this report gave a proper explanation about the lessons learnt. References Abomhara, M. (2015). Cyber security and the internet of things: vulnerabilities, threats, intruders and attacks.Journal of Cyber Security and Mobility,4(1), 65-88. Ackoski, J., Dojcinovski, M. (2012, June). Cyber terrorism and cyber-crimethreats for cyber security. InProceedings of First Annual International Scientific Conference, Makedonski Brod, Macedonia, 09 June 2012. MIT UniversitySkopje. Ahmad, R., Yunos, Z. (2012). A dynamic cyber terrorism framework.International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,10(2), 149. Ahmad, R., Yunos, Z., Sahib, S. (2012, June). Understanding cyber terrorism: The grounded theory method applied. InCyber Security, Cyber Warfare and Digital Forensic (CyberSec), 2012 International Conference on(pp. 323-328). IEEE. Alsaadi, E., Tubaishat, A. (2015). 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