Alternative medicines for various forms of cancer Free Essays

Elective medication for malignant growth treatment are characterized as a gathering of various social insurance and clinical frameworks, methods and items that are not part of the fundamental meaning of traditional medication( National Cancer Institute). In contrast to complimentary elective medication, which can be utilized along with the ordinary medication for the board of malignancy, elective medication is utilized in lone, without the incorporation of customary medication. By and large be that as it may, individuals just outcome to elective medication use after traditional medication has neglected to accomplish the ideal outcomes. We will compose a custom article test on Elective prescriptions for different types of malignancy or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now At the point when such occurs, the ailment is normally at an advanced stage, the impacts of elective medication are generally insignificant. Regardless of this in any case, the utilization of option is far reaching over the world. As a rule be that as it may, it is hard to have the effect between exactly what comprises elective medication and complimentary medication, since what may work for one patient may not really work for another patient. Notwithstanding, before taking up non-customary medication, regardless of whether as an elective measure or a complimentary one, disease patients are encouraged to affirm with their oncologists The disclosure that malignancy has around 70 percent healthful or ecological segment a few decades prior have prompted the coming of non-clinical recuperating approaches for disease. In any case, since there is no known remedy for malignant growth, much the same as the customary medication used to treat disease, the elective medication either hinder the development of destructive cells or lessen the reactions that emerge when one uses a traditional meds. Elective medications are utilized in different structures. Key among them is home grown cures, extraordinary eating regimens, nutrients and needle therapy. Other elective treatments incorporate homeopathy, ayurveda and shark ligament, predominantly used to oversee torment after one has experienced customary malignancy medicines, for example, medical procedure or chemotherapy. The utilization of elective medication previously began in North American yet has additionally spread to different pieces of the world as the advantages become progressively obvious (Rosenbaum, H. Ernest 117) The prevalence of the elective medication has brought about scholarly foundations taking up examination to demonstrate or dislike the viability elective malignant growth cures. The ubiquity has pulled in considerations by governments. In 1992, the United States government through congress ordered the production of the Office of Alternative Medicine (OAM); this office was later raised to an inside status in 1998 and renamed the Center for Complementary Alternative Medicine (NCCAM). This government upheld focus is ordered with distinguishing elective meds, exploring them and spreading pertinent data to everybody. The inside is additionally accused of specifying symptomatic, preventive and treatment modalities that apply to the elective medication segment. NCCAM works intimately with the National Cancer Institute, which additionally has a malignancy correlative Alternative Medicine (OCCAM) office that is engaged with research in regards to the job that elective medication play in disease treatment (Rosenbaum 117). Dietary medication Nutritional enhancements and extraordinary enemy of disease eats less carbs are among the most noticeable elective treatments utilized for malignant growth treatment. The thinking behind sustenance rewarding malignant growth flourishes from the way that vegetables and natural product are wealthy in dietary fiber and thus brings down one’s disease hazard. Be that as it may, patients are additionally encouraged to stay away from nourishments wealthy in dietary fats. Past what is bolstered by research discoveries, a few people guarantee that a few weight control plans can really fix a few types of malignant growth (Rosenbaum, 118) One of the eating regimens touted as an attainable disease treatment, in spite of the fact that not supported by research is the macrobiotic eating routine (Horowitz, Joellyn Mitsuo Tomito). The Macrobiotics diet focuses on the significance of keeping away from creature proteins. Rather, the eating regimen urges individuals to eat suppers containing 50 rate entire grains, 25 percent vegetables, 7. 5 percent beans notwithstanding the utilization of ocean weed and natural products, nuts and seeds. The eating routine likewise focuses on the requirement for the patient to take part in physical activities, lessen pressure, and maintain a strategic distance from introduction to pesticides and electromagnetic radiation (Horowitz and Mitsuo). The supposed enemy of malignant growth properties for the Macrobiotic eating routine agreeing the American Institute for Cancer Research might be gotten from the way that utilization of entire grains limits disease chances in different body parts. For instance eating ocean growth routinely lessens the danger of bosom malignancy by going about as an enemy of estrogen (Braun, Lesley Mark Cohen 127) Diets are particularly viable when used to hinder tumors that react to hormones. The hormonal operators in the nourishments are utilized to control the hormonal levels in the body. Hypothetically, the dynamic segments in nourishments and herbs can hinder or invigorate tumor development. A genuine model is the flavonoids found in nuts, organic products, vegetables and beverages, for example, espresso, tea and red wine. Flavonoid is accepted to have free radical searching properties, which change proteins liable for actuating or detoxifying cancer-causing agents. At the point when such occurs, protein - 1, which goes about as the interpretation factor advancing tumor development is repressed and along these lines the tumor can't develop (Braun and Marc 128). The main drawback to dietary intercession in malignancy avoidance and treatment normally emerge in light of the fact that the flavanoids in regular food is low, therefore diminishing the impact that ordinary eating has on tumor development. As indicated by research completed by the American Institute of disease research in a joint effort with the World Cancer Research Fund, it is conceivable that nourishments high in dietary fiber secure individuals against colorectal malignant growth (73). The examination anyway questions that these equivalent nourishments have any defensive properties against esophageal disease. In a roundabout way be that as it may, the reports expresses that the main connection between esophageal malignancy and high fiber diet is that the nourishments have low vitality thickness and hence don't add to much weight gain as different food sources would. Weight gain is connected to heftiness, which is accepted to present higher disease levels (74) There is logical likelihood that non bland vegetable could secure individuals against malignancies of the Stomach, throat, larynx, pharynx and mouth. Nonetheless, any defensive properties of these vegetables against lung malignant growth, ovarian disease, endometrial malignancy, colorectal malignant growth or nasopharynx disease were precluded (75). The report further expresses that proof supporting affirmed defensive properties of carrots against cervical disease was restricted, while it is likely that garlic has hostile to colorectal malignancy properties. Soya items could secure against prostate and stomach diseases, while the danger of larynx, pharynx and mouth malignant growths decreased with organic product utilization. Folate rich nourishments bring down the danger of colorectal and esophageal malignant growths, while lycopene rich food sources battle prostate disease Psyche body practices The conviction that one can impact the physical wellbeing by his/her brain is a since a long time ago instilled idea in many people’s mind. The conviction that the vast majority holds such accepts with has in the end prompted the consideration of brain body practices into standard clinical methods. Such incorporate supplication and contemplation. This conviction proposes that an individual is just as sound as they permit themselves to be. In any event, when debilitated, the conviction proposes that the course that the ailment takes is completely reliant on one’s mood (Rosenbaum 119). In Cancer treatment, the conviction keeps up that psychological sturdiness assumes a significant job in defeating harm. While standard way of thinking would recommend that supplication and reflection enables malignant growth patients to deal with mental issues better, in this manner diminishing pressure and thusly expanding their endurance rates, advocates of the recuperating forces of brain body practices accept something else. Despite the fact that not demonstrated through clinical discoveries, malignancy patients now and again report getting mending subsequent to being appealed to God for. Demonstrated advantages of the psyche and body practices decrease nervousness, disposition unsettling influences and worry among the patients. What's more, the activities help decrease constant agony, queasiness, heaving and along these lines improves the general personal satisfaction among disease patients. Mesmerizing is additionally among the unwinding strategies that malignant growth patients use to control nervousness, misery, torment or sorrow (DeVita, T. Vincent Et al 2958) Mindfulness intercession is additionally among the most well-known brain body practice utilized by disease patients. It includes the individual tolerating and recognizing his/her wellbeing status. When this is cultivated, the patients are urged to stand up their emotions in a gathering treatment setting. With time, the patients figure out how to manage pressure, uneasiness, despondency and other mental needs that emerge when one discovers that they have malignant growth. Manual recuperating This incorporates contact control methods a rehearsed by chiropractic specialists and osteopathic specialists. Hand rub is likewise successfully used to lessen pressure and mitigate nervousness among malignant growth patients. Another basic type of mending is the helpful touch basic in North America. This also is utilized on disease patients to clear their frameworks through the healer’s hands, which are put over the patient’s head. The viability of this technique is anyway not supported by any logical proof and the mental advantages that patients secure are thought to originate from the worry communicated by the parental figure during treatment (Rosenbaum 122). Natural drugs Most Herbal malignant growth treatment over the world has no logical support to demonstrate that they to be sure have against disease properties. Regardless of this, malignant growth patients keep on utilizing them with the expectation that their wellbeing concerns will be eased. One such model is the Essiac, which is famous in North America.

Free Essays on The Cask Of Amontillago

An Analysis of The Cask of Amontillado In The Cask of Amontillado Edgar Allan Poe takes us on an excursion into the brain of a maniac. The story relates a ghastly retribution made much increasingly terrible by the way that the retaliation is being taken when no genuine offense had been given. In a short space and with extreme specialized ability, Poe makes a bad dream, ensured to give the peruser a restless night. The plot of the story is a straightforward one. Montresor stories vengeance on his companion Fortunato by drawing him into the passages under the family domain. There he drives Fortunato into the profundities of the sepulchers where he covers him alive by walling him into a specialty. The story is told in first individual from the perspective of Montresor himself. The piece of the story happens when Montresor discloses to us that he needs to deliver retribution on Fortunato in light of the fact that he wandered upon affront. We likewise discover that he expects to go unpunished for this demonstration of retaliation. The storyteller illuminates us that he is going to keep on grinning in Fortunato? face, however utilize the pride his casualty has in wine to draw him into the tombs to taste a portion of his non-existent amontillado. Now, the peruser realizes the contention will be one of man against man. It is an outer battle in light of the fact that Fortunato and Montresor are in an a ctual existence and demise battle. In any case, the contention is to a great extent interior, in light of the fact that Montresor has a wild disdain that Fortunato is uninformed of. The story snare appears to happen when Fortunato follows Montresor into the vault. Regardless of whether the peruser was befuddled by the language of the primary section or is perplexed by the rationale of the storyteller, he is interested to recognize what will occur straightaway. We know the snapshot of vengeance is within reach, however what is Montresor going to do to Fortunato? For what reason would he say he is taking him underground? The peak of the story is when Montresor binds Fortunato to the divider and starts to layer the blocks. It is our high purpose of passionate association. We resemble ... Free Essays on The Cask Of Amontillago Free Essays on The Cask Of Amontillago An Analysis of The Cask of Amontillado In The Cask of Amontillado Edgar Allan Poe takes us on an excursion into the psyche of a crazy person. The story relates a loathsome retribution made much progressively unpleasant by the way that the retaliation is being taken when no genuine offense had been given. In a short space and with extreme specialized aptitude, Poe makes a bad dream, ensured to give the peruser a restless night. The plot of the story is a basic one. Montresor stories vengeance on his companion Fortunato by tricking him into the passages under the family bequest. There he drives Fortunato into the profundities of the mausoleums where he covers him alive by walling him into a specialty. The story is told in first individual from the perspective of Montresor himself. The composition of the story happens when Montresor reveals to us that he needs to render retribution on Fortunato in light of the fact that he wandered upon affront. We likewise discover that he plans to go unpunished for this demonstration of retaliation. The storyteller advises us that he is going to keep on grinning in Fortunato? face, yet utilize the pride his casualty has in wine to bait him into the mausoleums to taste a portion of his non-existent amontillado. Now, the peruser realizes the contention will be one of man against man. It is an outer battle on the grounds that Fortunato and Montresor are in an actual existence and passing battle. In any case, the contention is to a great extent inside, on the grounds that Montresor has a wild disdain that Fortunato is uninformed of. The story snare appears to happen when Fortunato follows Montresor into the vault. Regardless of whether the peruser was confounded by the language of the main passage or is perplexed by the intention of the storyteller, he is interested to comprehend what will occur straightaway. We know the snapshot of vengeance is nearby, however what is Montresor going to do to Fortunato? For what reason would he say he is taking him underground? The peak of the story is when Montresor ties Fortunato to the divider and starts to layer the blocks. It is our high purpose of passionate inclusion. We resemble ...

18 Powerful Ways to Build Your Mental Toughness

18 Powerful Ways to Build Your Mental Toughness Mental toughness is something worth having. But as with many other great things in life, desiring it is not going to make you have it. There has to be an effort towards its realization.Other words which could be used as synonyms of mental toughness are resilience and tenacity. These two synonyms are really what distinguishes between mentally tough people and those who are not. The mentally tough achieve their goals while those who are not, can only dream and desire.Which category are you in?This article seeks to encourage you to know that mental toughness is not a preserve of the elite few. Those seemingly few mentally tough people just developed the skill.It may be that they started early, maybe with the help of their parents, thus you never saw them struggle. Maybe, as is usually the case with many successful people, they struggled but you just never got to know about it.The thing about building yourself up is that it most certainly distances you from the company you used to keep. Therefore, some people may just “disappear” then “re-appear” later basking in success and you wonder what happened.Unless it is a story involving criminal activities, you can bet that those people were away working on themselves and their businesses. That is why successful people offer much advice that seems difficult to those yet to decide that they will do what needs to be done.Make the right choice today. Do not just listen to inspiring stories of success and remain the same. Do something about it. Start by doing things differently as described below and go up the ladder.TIPS FOR MENTAL TOUGHNESS1. Be in controlIf you are to become mentally tough, then you need to learn how to be in control. In this case, you’re being in control mainly of yourself.Control is a critical ingredient for mental toughness and general success. Controlling how you think ranks highest among the important things to learn how to do. When you can control your thoughts, many other things flow quite smoothly.The very nature of life makes sure that being in control is not easy. This happens through the many uncertainties which constitute of life. Still, there will always be something you can control. And most of the variables are within your abilities.For example, there may be news that the economy is about to go down. This will automatically make many people be filled with fear, become stressed and even probably take measures like selling some of their property. But did you know that there is another option? There will always be other options.You could decide to simply cut down on your expenses and hold on to your property just in case things get better. If you have a family, you can communicate this with them and you all agree on cost cutting measures.So, while many are stressed and glued to their TV screens for updates on when the economy will finally crash, you are planning for those hard times ahead. This planning will keep you in much control over the situation because yo u thought ahead of time.2. Stop thinking about things you cannot changeWhen you’re in control of yourself, you will know that you can only change matters to do with yourself. Other things can potentially be changed but it’s never a guarantee.Most situations come up as problems which need to be solved and solutions are usually in the form of changing the situation. However, there are situations which cannot really change yet they are a bother to you. A hindrance to your success. What do you do about them?You are the one to change. You might need to change your perspective towards that situation. This way, you put your efforts and thinking energy to proper use. On the other hand, if you think of the unchangeable situation as it currently is, then you simply waste time and energy.Whenever you come across situations which you cannot change, just change your view of them. Look at them from a different perspective and you will soon see how to tackle them. Or how to turn them around fo r your good.3. See failures as training groundYou will never be able to avoid failure, at least not if you are going to achieve anything in life. Before you succeed, you have to fail. The earlier you realize this truth the better it will be for you.With that knowledge, it is therefore of great importance that you learn how to see failures in the right perspective. It is imperative for you to understand that when you fail, it is not a sign that you are headed for total defeat. Rather, it is a sign that you are working towards a goal.The correct way of looking at failure is as vital training ground. When you fail, take it as a great opportunity to learn an important lesson. Avoid the perspective held by many that failure is bad and should not happen. This is a lie based on a misunderstanding of failure.Such lines of thinking also tend to be pursuing perfectionism in some way. Even if it is in small, almost undetectable amounts. Any time you pursue perfectionism, you are bound to get f rustrated because that is one goal you will never achieve.But when you fail and realize that it is not the end, it becomes easy for you to bounce back onto the field and play on. Failure is therefore not an enemy but a friendly stepping stone. Just have the right perspective towards it.4. Celebrate others (dont resent others success)What do you do when you see your competitor succeed and you are still failing? If you are like many people, you will start hating them. This hatred works like a boomerang. You send it to others and it comes right back where it started and it affects you. How?When you resent those who are doing better than you are, you become jealous. More than that, you lose much sleep worrying that they are better than you are. You forget and under-value your strengths and unique abilities. You only see yourself as not good enough.This causes negative thinking which has a direct negative effect on your chances of succeeding in any endeavor.On the other hand, when you ce lebrate those who succeed and respect those who show mental toughness, you get inspired. You get inspired to work harder and become successful too. This inspiration will lead you to research and learn whatever needs to be learned so that you can achieve your goal.Celebrating other people’s success also proves to you that success is possible. This is crucial because it is possible that you have a very big goal that you want to achieve. The size of this goal may have scared you or your friends at some point and doubt may have crippled you.But when you see other people achieving their goals, then you get encouraged to push forward to achieve yours too. You reason that if so and so were able to do it, then so can you. And indeed you will.5. Don’t complain; provide a solutionsWeak-minded people are always complaining about everything. They are quick to spot errors and make them known. But at the heart of their talk is nothing but an attempt to show how bad things are.Complainers usua lly blow things out of proportion. This is one reason why such people rarely succeed in anything big.To be mentally tough, you have to desist from being a complainer. And the best way to do it is by cultivating a habit of working towards providing solutions. Seek those who are like-minded among your friends and work with them.If you can’t find anyone, prepare to work on a solution by yourself. This will really set you apart and may even put you in conflict with some people. That should however be the least of your worries. Just remember that you are developing mental toughnessâ€"a trait not common among complainers.6. Dont seek to impress othersIf you want to become mentally tough, don’t try to develop a fan base. If you seek to have many fansâ€"people who love youâ€"then you will not be able to stand on your own. Those fans will always, or at least to a very large extent, determine how far you can go.Be comfortable with yourself and your abilities. The world around you is const antly seeking to pull you in to its mediocrity. Though unfortunate, it is true that there are way more mediocre people than those operating in excellence.Naturally, we all want and need approval. But the problem is that everyone is busy doing their own things that they don’t have time for you. Parents don’t have time for children; spouses don’t have time for one another etc. So people seek attention and approval from elsewhere.But the problem is that if you need approval from someone, then you must do what that person demands you do. And you must do it the way he wants it. Then he will say you’re “Ok.” If you want him to praise you then you have to exceed his expectations.The question is: just when will you live your life if you’re constantly trying to please someone else? When will you develop yourself enough to become a consultant in your field? When will you implement that business idea, grow it, become an employer of many and help alleviate poverty?The person or pe ople demanding that you do something their way, are just seeking glory without having to work for it. They will be the ones labeled as successful. Yet it will be their vision you are building and not yours.If you have a vision or any goal you want to achieve, just be sure about it then pursue it. Relentlessly.7. Take responsibilityThis is key if you are to become or achieve anything in life. As long as as you feel like the world owes you something, then you are bound to remain downtrodden. If you decide that just because you pay taxes that your government owes you a good life, then you have missed it.Continue along this line and you will soon think that someone should be keeping your backyard clean yet you live alone. As much as you can hire someone, you will be developing a very dangerous trait called laziness. With that trait, mental toughness remains a mirage.When you take responsibility, you recognize that you are the one on whom success depends. You therefore have to take actio n so as to achieve it. You will see the urgency of the matter because we have all wasted so much time in our past.Taking responsibility goes on to help you redeem some time. When problems arise and people are talking about it and passing blame, you are already thinking of a solution. And you will definitely come up with one and go ahead to implement it. Even if you will do it alone, you will still do it.Taking responsibility starts small and grows over time. You will need to develop some discipline and make it a habit.You may start with something small like your own office. Keep your desk neat and orderly. Check your computer desktop. Is it cluttered? It may be hampering your productivity by making it difficult to locate files saved on your desktop. Why not create folders and save documents in the relevant folders?Taking responsibility simple means that you know it’s your job. When you face a difficult situation, you will know that it is your job to come up with a solution. You wi ll share it with others and work with them to implement. If you are alone, you will go ahead and implement it.Soon enough, others will see the sense of what you are doing and join you. This is how great leadership develops. Great leaders see a problem and decide to be the solution. They commit themselves to it then others celebrate them, knowing little of the struggles that go on behind the scenes.8. Overcome fearFear may be an emotion or a feeling. But that’s just as far as science goes. When you are pursuing a vision, you will realize that fear is a serious obstacle. It’s not a mere feeling that comes and goes.Fear stands in front of you and says, “You can’t go past this point,” and stays put. If you challenge it hard enough, it changes to “You won’t go past this point.”Most people stop at the first statement. Others are able to get to the second one. But considering the effort involved, very few still push to the point of going past the second statement. To be men tally tough, you need to decide that you want to become one of these very few who push further.Fighting and overcoming fear is not a single event but an ongoing process. And as with many other ways of building mental toughness, you will do best to start small then build up capacity gradually.Identify your everyday small fears. Are you afraid that making dinner will waste you a lot of time? Cleaning up your home will leave your back aching? Working an extra hour will make you lose a lot of sleep? Addressing the fight between two employees will make you lose their friendship?Whatever your fear is, remember it is an obstacle that proudly declares that you cannot remove it from it’s established position. Don’t you want to become a conqueror? Don’t you want to be a winner?Decide to challenge fear and take it down. You will then have what it takes to take on more difficult obstacles because you will be having a record of successes. This will also be a big confidence boostâ€"somethin g that naturally strengthens you.Watch the below video for some motivation to overcome fear. 9. Make winning your goalThere can only be two outcomes: winning or losing. Nothing lies between these two. Both winning and losing are absolutes, so there are no scales of 1 to 10 or other similar ways of looking at them.Of course, success is gradual and building it means you will lose some things and gain others. The losing we are talking about here is the one that comes from giving up. Stopping the work towards your goals.Making winning your goal is about first of all setting a goal. You may for example decide that you want to make one hundred bucks in two months. In that case, then you make up your mind that you won’t settle for anything less.Winning is never easy. So you will have to wake up early enough. Probably earlier than usual. Prepare yourself and leave for your business. Diligently work on the plans you set. Ensuring that you remove all forms of distractions from your mind reg ardless of how much fun some of them bring you.The same advice applies here: start small. If you want to build a big house and the calculations say that you need one hundred bucks every two months, then check if you can really manage it with your current lifestyle or habits.If the adjustment required is too much, then you better adjust your dream otherwise you will end up frustrated. If your idea of a big house cannot be reduced, then increase the time you will need to build it. Whatever the case, change something but keep the goal.Breaking things down ensures your goals are realistic to your current abilities. After breaking things down, set the small daily and weekly goals then run with those. Don’t think too much of the big dream but be consistent with the everyday goals. They will quickly add up to the ultimate goal.10. Check your companyThey say you are what you eat. It is also true that you are who your friends are.Since not many people are mentally strong and it takes a lot of effort to develop this ability, you can be sure you will stand out. But that’s just the beautiful result of fighting to the very end. Are you aware that there are potential pitfalls along the way?Never underestimate the friends you keep. They determine a lot. From your level of knowledge, your reasoning patterns, style of talking and dressing etc. In fact, your friends largely affect how much success you attain in life.Hanging around the same people you used to hang around and expecting to become mentally tough? That won’t happen. This is serious work that you must invest in. It is a result that needs work in order to be achieved.The moment you embark on this journey, you will arouse jealousy from some of your friends. Some will become angry because they can sense that you will become better than them. They certainly know that the journey you are taking will land you where they cannot reach you.If you start this process, you will soon have no time for your friends. Are you r eady for that? Are you willing to have fewer friends, or no friends at all in the mean time so as to develop this ability?You are essentially making them uncomfortable because they would rather you keep them company as consolation that mediocrity is universal. But woe unto you if you give in to their pressure. You would rather lose them and as soon as you achieve mental toughness, you will gain others who are at the same level as you are.You just have to make a choice: your current friends (and your mental weakness) versus mental toughness (and new friends who will make you more mentally tough).11. Practice delayed gratificationRarely will you gain any success if you satisfy all your desires immediately they show up. Delayed gratification is necessary as it ensures you maintain focus in what you want to achieve.There is a famous experiment done on kids to show delayed gratification. These kids were to either eat a marshmallow which they have been given or wait for some minutes then receive another one so they can have two.You may refer to the things that come to get you out of your way to success as distractions. You may even call them temptations. Whichever way, they need to be ignored or removed. Mental toughness dictates that you should restrain yourself for whatever duration necessary so that you enjoy the best results later.This does not mean that life will become boring and uneventful. Developing mental toughness means that you will be able to make sound judgment. When presented with a situation, you will be able to better assess it and decide what you want to achieve.You can have all the fun you want. In fact, if you have developed mental toughness and you decide to indulge, you will never feel guilty. Why? You know that you are the one controlling the situation and not the other way round.You know that if you wanted, you could have said “No.” Moreover, the current indulgence may as well be a reward you are giving yourself for achieving your goals. In that case, go ahead and indulge, just don’t lose the control you have developed. Losing it is easier than developing it.12. Be optimisticDo you always see the possibilities or impossibilities? If you say both, then which is more often?Optimism is important if you are to attain mental toughness. When you are optimistic, it simply means that the situation you are facing can be dealt with. As long as it is possible, then you can come up with a solution. But if you see it as an impossibility, then there won’t even be a need to try.That makes you disappointed that you are facing an impossibility and more so, you feel that you are stuck. If you feel, and soon thereafter believe that you are stuck, you are bound to give up. And mentally strong people don’t give up.Your journey towards mental strength is going to be like climbing a hill. It is a hill and not a mountain first of all because you are starting small. Secondly, because you have to be optimistic. Even if it is a mountain , just see it as a big hill or a very tall hill.How you see it matters a lot. Tell a friend that you are going to climb some hills and he may excitedly join you. Tell him that you are going to climb a mountain and the response will be very different.You may get questions about how fit you are, whether you have any experience, fully equipped with a first aid kit etc. As important as those considerations are, that is rarely what is of utmost importance. Do you think you can climb the mountain? If your answer is “Yes,” then you’re good to go.13. Control your emotionsEmotions are a part of you. You don’t have to be a woman to be in touch with your emotions. Those who say that men should not show any emotion are ignorantly plotting the ruin of men.Of course men should not be cry babies, but they should definitely not hide their emotions. Those emotions are there to help them connect with other people. It is a basic part of being human.The important thing to note about emotions is that you need to first of all be aware of them. Then know how to keep them in check. In view of this, it will also be crucial to know that other people may not be able to do the same. And those form the bulk of the society.For example, the people who burst out in anger because someone did something wrong are not in control of their emotions. This control is so vital that it forms one of the most important ingredients of great leadership. It is more commonly referred to as emotional intelligence.When you are emotionally intelligent, you are aware of what you feel and can tell what other people feel. You can restrain your responses so as to prevent a bad situation from getting worse. How is this important?For example, you may be working on something and you suddenly get into an argument with a friend or colleague. You r colleague throws some hurtful words your way and you obviously start boiling in anger. Up to that point, all is quite OK because anger is a normal feeling.However, wh at matters most is your response. If you respond in kind, you may get physical and lose an entire day of productivity. You may also lose a couple of teeth and some money in settling hospital bills. Not to mention your job.What if you restrained yourself and even apologized? The results will be amazing. You will of course avoid the above and more importantly, get time to continue with your work. With that, you will more likely finish your work on time and celebrate your own victory.Do you see how you got success from the better response? Your mind was strong enough to resist an emotional outburst which could have caused a lot of unforeseen problems.It is also possible that you will make your colleague see the sense of your apology and reciprocate. It will therefore be a win-win situation for both of you. Believe it or not, you will also gain some respect from your colleague and anyone else who witnessed the situation.Watch the below video for some insight on how to handle people who irritate you. 14. Be calm under pressureLife is full of pressure from all directions and the more you have on your plate of responsibilities, the more this is the case. And what happens when you are under pressure? You get stressed.A little stress is usually good as it powers you through tasks but when it is in large amounts, it becomes dangerous. It is even more dangerous when it becomes chronic as it could lead to anxiety and depression. Prevention is always better than cure. But what if you cannot prevent stress?Stress is something that cannot be avoided but has to be managed. The best way to get started with managing stress is to practise staying calm when pressure mounts around you. Whether it is pending bills or incomplete tasks, you just have to practise staying calm.When you develop this ability, you will realize some very quick benefits. First of all, you will be able to avoid much stress because you have not allowed it inside you. As long as you haven’t allowed worry to take over your thinking, you stay objective in your reasoning.This is the basis of solving problems in stressful situations. When everyone else is pulling their hair and becoming angry, you will be able to think through the situation with relative peace of mind. Maintain this mode of operation and you will become immune to the effects of stress.With low levels of stress, you will be better at solving problems, calming storms and putting out fires in the office. These are some of the qualities of great leaders. They are also some of the tell-tale signs that someone is good enough for a higher position.Did you know that those who occupy higher positions work less (physically) but earn more?They get paid for their abilities to give strategic advice and solve difficult problems. These same people are highly diplomatic and rarely lose their cool. They have simply developed mental toughness.15. Exercise your mindJust as your body’s muscles grow, so does your brain, only that your brainâ €™s growth is slightly different. Your brain grows by increasing in the number of neurons. This happens especially when you learn new things.When you exercise your mind, you improve your ability to do many things. These include remembering more clearly. For mental toughness, brain exercises help you learn how to solve problems through various ways.Exercising your mind essentially teaches you how to consider different angles to a situation, how to anticipate otherwise unexpected turns etc. This way, you will be more prepared to handle the unexpected situations which are a normal part of life.These exercises improve the core functioning of your brain. As such, you become able to concentrate for longer without coffee, remember more clearly, perform calculations without a calculator etc.These seemingly small benefits are what make you capable of handling more demanding tasks when everyone else has given up. When other people’s strength is gone, you remain to be the only one standing. This is the one defining characteristic of mental toughness.By the way, some of the brain exercises come in the form of games so you can have fun as you learn.16. Be determinedDetermination is the ability to stay on course despite the circumstances not being favorable. It is the fuel that drives winning. You can never win if you are not determined. One way to develop determination is by knowing the value of what you want to achieve.Once the value of your goal is clear in your mind, then you can fix your eyes on it. Allowing no distraction to come between you and your goal, you will push right through every obstacle that shows up. You will do everything that needs to be done so as to get past the challenges.This resolve is very powerful as it carries many other aspects of mental toughness with it. For example, when you are determined, you will always be optimistic that what you want to achieve is possible.You will also not complain about the situation. You know that you will remove t he obstacle, go through it, around it or whichever other way possible. The important thing is that nothing will stop you. This is what brought about the below quote:“If you cant fly then run, if you cant run then walk, if you cant walk then crawl, but whatever you do you have to keep moving forward.” Martin Luther King Jr.17. Be flexibleChange is the only constant. Although on the surface this statement is an oxymoron, it paints the picture that change will always be happening. So how are you to respond to it especially considering that change often reduces your plans to nothing?Flexibility or adaptability is the answer. When you are flexible, you know that you may be required to change your plans any time. You may have come up with the best plans but the situation changes and your plan is no longer valid. This will happen many times in your life.If you are able to make adjustments and make them quickly, then you stand a better chance of succeeding. This becomes very important f or those situations in which you made a decision without the privilege of having all the information.As events unfold and new information becomes available, you soon realize that you cannot continue with your current plan. So, what do you do?You quickly make amends on your plans and determine what previously-taken actions need to be changed and which ones can be left as they are. If you have this trait, you will have less struggles with making necessary changes in your life.This means that you will save yourself some time as you make new decisions quickly and move to implement them accordingly.18. Stay focusedEvery work needs undivided attention if it is to be done well and completed quickly. For this to happen, you have to be focused on the job you are working on.Although multi-tasking is often praised as a great ability that proves your prowess, it really isn’t. Multi-tasking is a great distraction, especially if you are working on something that requires concentration.As long a s your focus is divided between two or more tasks, your mind will not be able to perform to its optimum. Multi-tasking can be fun and enjoyable. It can even seem to make work get finished faster. But that is only true in computers and not in human beings.When you are not focused, you are likely to make mistakes in the work you are doing. Mistakes are usually costly to reverse and some are so big that they can cause massive losses to businesses. These are the kind of mistakes which bring about the recalling of products and big PR campaigns to pacify angry customers.But when you stay focused on the current task and your goals, you avoid unnecessary distractions and save time by achieving goals faster.CONCLUSIONFew things in life can be compared in value to possessing mental toughness. Despite the effort that you may have to put in, this is a worthy investment. Follow the above ways to develop this important attribute that is necessary for success.

Don’t Quit Your Day Job Citizen Journalism - 816 Words

The toxic aroma of despair fell upon Virginia Tech, April 16, 2007, when a gunman opened fired on the university’s campus resulting in thirty-three deaths along with more than a dozen injuries and a permanent wound to the community. Journalist and writer, Lilly Yulianti, posted an article one day after the tragedy identifying a newer form of journalism identified as active citizen reporters. Yuliantis article, Praise for Student’s Footage of Virginia Tech Mass Killing, received a voice in an online news outlet where writings of new forms are welcomed. Time and incident met and a young man, by the name of Jamal Albarghouti, stepped on the school campus and with instinct noticed a chill in the temperament of the vast province of student life and possessed the instant sensitivity captured in a moment of time that would prove to be a rare form of documentation for the indecent events that occurred. (Rottenburg and Haisty Winchell 262-264) Yulianti supports the student-initi ated video taken by Albarghouti, his untrained reporting skills as well as the use of what CNN and other news outlets referred to as a citizen reporter. (Rottenburg and Haisty Winchell 263) No official employment post was awarded to this experienced smart phone user however; CNN quickly recognized, along with a host of other talk show hosts and news stations, the value of welcoming news video from non-professional videographers. Don’t quit your day job in light of this newly developing opportunity; it isShow MoreRelatedGreatest Generations, Tom Brokaw2955 Words   |  12 Pagesalthough a horrible day for the nation it also united us and made us stand up for the counter with pride. Even with that pride, there is not much sacrificing in these current generations. Back during WWII you could go back behind a house and you were almost guaranteed to see a victory garden, a garden full of vegetables and other food, because stores were rationing food for the war effort. Today what s acrifices do you see? What do you see people doing for the country, because I don’t see much. FamilyRead MorePsychological Effects of Teenage Pregnancy4863 Words   |  20 Pagesschool, family, relationships and health. The feelings of guilt may continue throughout the years if not brought out into the open and dealt with. Future Problems * Teenage mothers are at a higher risk of poverty, inability to maintain a stable job, ending up in abusive homes, having children who perform poorly in school, and having daughters with a 22% higher risk of also becoming pregnant during their teenage years, according to research conducted by the American Academy of Child amp; AdolescentRead MoreStay Hungry Stay Foolish : Book Report3950 Words   |  16 Pagesthat you are passionate about and the other things will eventually fall in place. He believed in picking up ideas and opportunities, some being created and some coming his way. He practised ethical leadership. He believed that if you are honest to your purpose, you ve never cheated anybody and you show clear focus, commitment, there are people in society who will go out of their way to back you. 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By the 19th century, newspaper language was recognized as a particular variety of style, characterized by a specific communicative purpose and its own system of language means . It includes a system of interrelated lexical, phraseological andRead MoreEssay on A Horse and Two Goats: Detailed Summary7459 Words   |  30 PagesDetailed Summary A Horse and Two Goats is the story of a comical and fateful meeting between two men, neither of who speak each others language. Muni and his wife live in poverty in a remote village in India called Kritam. In his prosperous days, before pestilence took most of his cattle, Muni had 40 sheep and goats. Now, in his old age, Muni has just two goats. His usual daily routine is to take the goats to graze two miles from his home, alongside the highway, at the foot of a life-sizedRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesAttribution You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author, namely by citing his name, the book title, and the relevant page numbers (but not in any way that suggests that the book Logical Reasoning or its author endorse you or your use of the work). (2) Noncommercial You may not use this work for commercial purposes (for example, by inserting passages into a book that is sold to students). (3) No Derivative Works You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. An earlierRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pageslittle work experience. Reason #1: It focuses attention on what effective managers actually â€Å"do. † In an influential article, Henry Mintzberg (1975) argued that management education had almost nothing to say about what managers actually do from day to day. He further faulted management textbooks for introducing students to the leading theories about management while ignoring what is known about effective management practice. Sympathetic to Mintzberg’s critique, we set out to identify the definingRead MoreMass Media in General and Newspapers12440 Words   |  50 PagesRationale Mass media in general and newspapers in particular nowadays play a very important role in our lives. Many people even say that living in the world without newspapers is like living in an isolated island. Newspapers help us become informed citizens and make better decision by providing a lot of facts. Hard news stories, vital statistics, weather, sports stories and scores and even calendars are examples of items that help inform readers. Some newspaper articles help interpret or explain theRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagesthe use of crossfunctional work teams, and significantly increasing training. To ease employee and managerial anxieties about the changes, GE Fanuc promised that no employees would lose their jobs. Managers and supervisors affected by the elimination of levels were offered promotions, transfers to other jobs in GE Fanuc, or early retirement buyouts. Additionally, employees were promised profit sharing, which has resulted in up to thre e weeks additional pay in profit sharing bonuses in some years.

Airline Deregulation Essay - 1046 Words

On October 24, 1978, President Carter signed into law the Airline Deregulation Act. The purpose of the law was to effectively get the federal government out of the airline business. By allowing the airlines to compete for their customers travel dollars, was the thinking, that fares would drop and an increased number of routes would spring up. Expected Results The results of airline deregulation speak for themselves. Since the government got out of the airline business, not only has there been a drop in prices and an increase in routes, there has also been a remarkable increase in airline service and safety. Airline deregulation should be seen as the crowning jewel of a federal de-regulatory emphasis. Prices are down: Airline†¦show more content†¦A drop in fares has been the best result of the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978. It has been the impetus for the increase in the number of flights, which in turn has spurred a drive for greater safety in airlines. But with the current airline market, this development has given us one negative. Since ticket prices have dropped to new lows, the realities of an industry which operates on such economies of scale dictates that only a few competitors have the capacity to operate within the market. This is not the desired effect of either political side on this issue, but it is an economic nece ssity with the environment that has been created, very similar to that of public utilities and phone companies. The Best of Both Worlds The U.S. airline market admittedly operates in an oligarchal fashion. But is this not the best policy for air travel? The success of the large carriers has enabled a drop in fares, and while entry into the market is difficult, it is not impossible. Upstarts such as Southwest Airlines are able to find a market niche and exploit it into profitability. Maybe benevolent oligarchy should be the term... Turn the Market Loose! Those in the de-regulation camp see an opportunity to expand on the Deregulation Act. When the act was written, the government was taken out of the business of setting fares and routes. But various municipalities still retain ownership over airports. Given the massive improvementsShow MoreRelatedAirline Deregulation1054 Words   |  5 Pages1978, President Carter signed into law the Airline Deregulation Act. The purpose of the law was to effectively get the federal government out of the airline business. By allowing the airlines to compete for their customers travel dollars, was the thinking, that fares would drop and an increased number of routes would spring up. Expected Results The results of airline deregulation speak for themselves. Since the government got out of the airline business, not only has there been a drop inRead MoreAirline Deregulation1587 Words   |  7 Pages Airline Deregulation act of 1978 Aston A Samms Embry Riddle Aeronautical University Abstract The United States Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 was a dramatic turning point in America. It was the first systematic dismantling of a comprehensive system of government control since the Supreme Court declared the National Recovery Act unconstitutional in 1935. It was also part of a broader movement that, with varying degrees of thoroughness, transformed such industries as trucking, railroads, busesRead MoreThe Deregulation Act Of The Airlines846 Words   |  4 Pagescorroboration that the real cost has not declined after the act does not relate to airlines profit. Steven A. Morrison, the chair of the Department of Economics at Northeastern University, discusses the deregulation affects in his article. Although he evaluates deregulation to be good for the consumers, he argues that the deregulation act has been detrimental to the airlines despite the increase in load factors. Deregulation has created ever-increasing competition that even after mergers, increased efficiencyRead Mor eThe Deregulation Of The Airline Industry1037 Words   |  5 Pagesput all commercial airlines under the Railway Labor Act. Since then, there was a period of 42 years under economic regulation where the government oversaw labor relations. Since deregulation, the goals of collective bargaining have not changed much, nor have the objectives of management and labor unions. (Wensveen, 2011, p. 422) The deregulation of the airline industry may have been a win for passengers, but most likely not a win for labor groups. Prior to deregulation the airline industry was highlyRead MoreDeregulation of the Airline Industry1754 Words   |  8 PagesDeregulation of the Airline Industry The airline industry has been subject of intense price competition since it was deregulated, and the result has been a number of new carriers which specialize in regional service and no-frills operations. These carriers typically purchase older aircraft and often operate outside the industry-wide computerized reservations system. In exchange for these inconveniences, passengers receive low fares relative to the industry as a whole. This research examinesRead MoreAirline Deregulation Act Of 1978 Signed1291 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION Airline deregulation was the process of removing the government imposed regulations on the entry of new airlines as well the airline fare limiting the competition and growth of the airline industry. In the United States, airline deregulation mainly refers to the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 signed by President Carter. President Carter signed the Act, but the act was proposed initially during Nixon’s administration, and carried through Ford administration. The airlines industry wasRead MoreAirline Deregulation Act Of 1978 Signed1398 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION Airline deregulation is the process of removing the government-imposed regulations on the entry of new airlines as well the airline fare limiting the competition and growth of the airline industry. In the United States, airline deregulation mainly refers to the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 signed by President Carter. President Carter signed the Act, but the act was proposed initially during Nixon’s presidency, and was carried out by the Ford Administration. The airline industry wasRead MoreThe Airline Deregulation Act Of 1978842 Words   |  4 Pageschanged how we live and experience the world as a result of the airline industry - we are able to settle, travel, and conduct business in places once deemed remote and inaccessible, and our world is undoubtedly more interconnected. Traveling by air has become a commonplace service, altering our perception of distance and diminishing travel time, and the industry is continuously making efforts to improve and advance. The Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 within the United States promulgated an era ofRead MoreThe Airline Deregulation Act Of 19781435 Words   |  6 Pageschanged how we live and experience the world as a result of the airline industry - we are able to settle, travel, and conduct business in places once deemed remote and inaccessible, and our world is undoubtedly more interconnected. Traveling by air has become a commonplace service, altering our perception of distance and diminishing travel time, and the industry is continuously making efforts to improve and advance. The Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 within the United States promulgated an era ofRead MoreNational Airline Market Analysis : The Airline Deregulation Act Of 19781702 Words   |  7 PagesNational Airline Market Analysis In response to this foreign competition and domestic pressures the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 was passed. Deregulation meant the market would be generally free from government controls and operate under free-market principles. By the early 1980s new carriers flooded the market causing an initial drop in fare prices. In this new market Airlines such as Pan American and TWA suffer financially. Many of the large legacy airlines that operated successfully under

Bretton Woods Essay Free Essays

Bretton Woods Conference The Background During the World War I and World War II the international monetary system is split into several competing currency blocs, the fierce trade war between the global recession and nation. In the post-World War II, at the end of World War II, the U. S. We will write a custom essay sample on Bretton Woods Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now dollar has enjoyed a unique and powerful position in international trade and also because British and American governments for consideration of national interests, ideas and design of post-war international monetary system, proposed separately by the â€Å"White Plan† and â€Å"the Keynes plan. Huai-held plans† and â€Å"Keynes Plan† with is the establishment of international financial institutions, stabilize the exchange rate, the expansion of international trade, and promoting world economic development for the purpose, but the way they operate. Because the United States boarded the supreme world leader of the capitalist world economic crisis and after World War II, the dollar’s international status because of its strength of the international gold reserves to get a solid, the two sides reached in April 1944, reflects the White Plan on the establishment of the GB currency experts of the Fund a joint statement. What is â€Å"Bretton woods conferenceâ₠¬ ? The United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference, commonly known as the Bretton Woods conference, Bretton woods system or Bretton woods agreements. It was a gathering of 730 delegates from all 44 Allied nations at the Mount Washington Hotel, situated in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, to regulate the international monetary and financial order after the conclusion of World War II. The conference was held from 1-22 July 1944, when the agreements were signed to set up the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). It established the rules for commercial and financial relations among the world’s major industrial states in the mid 20th century and also was the first example of a fully negotiated onetary order intended to govern monetary relations among independent nation-states. As a result of the conference, the Bretton Woods system of exchange rate management was set up, which remained in place until itself collapsed in 1971, when President Richard Nixon severed the link between the dollar and gold. What they agreed: * Formation of the IMF and the IBRD (World Bank) Adjustably secured foreign exchange market rate system: * Exchange rate were fixed, with the provision of changing them if necessary * Currencies were required to be convertible for trade related and other current account transactions * All member countries were required to subscribe to the IMF’s capital * if exchange rate might not be favorable to a country’s balance of payments position, the governments had the power to revise them by up to 10% Who’s involved? Delegation from around the world Australia|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  India|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Belgium|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Iran|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bolivia|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Iraq|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Brazil|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Liberia|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Canada|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Luxembourg|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Chile|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mexico|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  China|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Netherlands|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Colombia|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New Zealand|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Costa Rica|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nicaragua|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cuba|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Norway|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Czechoslovakia|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Panama|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dominican Republic|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Paraguay|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ecuador|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Peru|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Egypt|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Philippines|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  El Salvador|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Poland|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ethiopia|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Union of South Africa|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  France|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)|      Ã‚  Ã‚  Greece|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  United Kingdom|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Guatemala|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  United States|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Haiti|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Uruguay|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Honduras|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Venezuela|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Iceland|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Yugoslavia| The United States, having the largest delegation, brought a wide spectrum of economists and politicians to the Bretton Woods Conference. China, represented by the Nationalist government of Chiang Kai-shek, played an active role and was granted the fifth largest quota among the original members of the IMF. Cuba, governed by Ramon Raul San Martin, sent a delegation that represented the interests of small agricultural economies. Delegates from many Latin American nations were deeply involved in the negotiations. The democratic process at Bretton Woods ensured that concerns of all countries were addressed. Though the delegation from the Soviet Union was active at the Conference and signed the draft Articles, the Soviet government later decided not to join the Fund or the Bank. The cooperation of the U. S. and USSR delegations was a positive moment before the onset of the Cold War. In 1944, the Indian delegation to Bretton Woods included both British citizens as well as Indian nationals, as India was still part of the British Empire. Alexander Argyropulos (at right in photo), a member of the Greek delegation, arrived in New York on June 21. Argyropulos had been a prisoner of war for a year. His arrival in the United States culminated in the reunion with his wife and daughter, who had escaped Greece when Axis forces invaded. Camille Gutt one of the Belgian delegation. Once the Fund was established, Gutt was elected as its first Managing Director, a post he held until 1951. Outcomes: The Conference led to the creation of three organizations in order to lead the world economy in the right direction. The International Monetary Fund (IMF), the General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT) and the World Bank. The IMF was intended for keeping track of the monetary policy, to balance the exchange rates, reduce restrictions on the foreign exchange rate, and provide loans to invest in the infrastructure of developing countries and countries that had debts. The number of votes a country for the IMF board depends on its contribution factor towards the reserve. The U. S, U. K, Japan, Germany have 40% of the votes. Out of that percentage, the U. S has 17% of the votes, making them the majority power in the IMF. The GATT encouraged â€Å"laissez-faire system†, to make trade without government intervention, to reduce taxes when two countries are trading with each other and make it fair. It is known now as the World Trade Organization. The World Bank main idea and purpose was to help third world countries and reduce poverty, and to corporations who want to aid the developing countries. The World Bank would offer loans to rebuild roads and utilities. These were the organizations that emerged from the Bretton Woods Agreement. Another outcome for the United States was the Dollar being a â€Å"World Reserve Currency† and that all trade and business will be done in American dollars. Even trade between two different nations that do not use the American dollar as their currency; will do business with each other using the dollar. For example the price of oil from Saudi Arabia will not be in Saudi Rials, but in American dollars. Then those dollars would be redeemable through gold from the U. S at a fixed price of 35$ per ounce. All the countries that signed the Bretton Woods Agreement agreed to fix their currency with the same value as the value of gold. The supply of money a country had went hand in hand with its gold reserves. The countries that were not rich in gold, would have to borrow money in order to finance their investments and development. The system performed trade through stable and adjustable exchange rates. However there was an increase in demand for dollars which lead to an increase in trade deficits, and the value of the dollar remained high. The United states couldn’t fix the exchange rate between itself and other urrencies. It became known as the â€Å"n’th currency problem†. All the countries currencies were at par with the US dollar. The United States worth of gold was $26 billion by 1964. The world’s worth of gold was $33 billion. Many countries held the U. S dollar as their main reserve asset. Because of that, the French President, De Gaulle said the U. S had a privilege of unlimited financing, because of the majority of countries having dollar assets. The U. S was unable to eliminate its deficits. The ways in which the balance payment deficits could be corrected include deflating the economy by using a monetary policy, which means raising interest rates. Another policy to use is the Fiscal Policy that includes reducing government spending in order to reduce demand. The U. S could have also devalued its currency, which meant foreign currency prices are higher. This would reduce exports from foreign currencies, and more exports from the U. S. The Bretton Woods system was successful until 1971, August 15th. A few measures were taken to avoid the system going to fail. They included imposing an â€Å"interest equalization tax† to reduce the outflow of investments and private capital. However this lead to more loans from foreign borrowers. A lot of the funds went to financial institutions in places lke Europe and Japan. The United States President Nixon said the amount of gold that was sent out of the U. S for the 27 years since the agreement was unsustainable. He announced a 90-day freeze on wages and prices, a 10% import surcharge on imports and suspended converting dollars into gold. The value of gold had increased, yet the price of $35 per ounce remained. Even though many countries still owed money to the U. S and were in debt. References: http://weber. ucsd. edu/~jlbroz/Courses/Lund/handouts/Lecture12%20_Bretton_%20Woods. pdf http://id. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sistem_Bretton_Woods http://www2. econ. iastate. edu/classes/econ355/choi/bre. htm http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Bretton_Woods_system http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Gold_standard How to cite Bretton Woods Essay, Essay examples

Cyber Terrorism for Security and Mobility-myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Write about theCyber Terrorism for Security and Mobility. Answer: Introduction In this era of technology, cyber crimes are increasing at a high rate. Information and communication technology has been profitable for the society but at the same time it imposes high threat to the society (Alsaadi Tubaishat, 2015). Cyber crimes have different forms and types. The general meaning of terrorism is a threat that aims to create a sense of fear in the society. There is no clear understanding of this issue. Cyber terrorism tends to create severe threat for the security of information system (Ahmad Yunos, 2012). Cyber terrorism comprises of the concept of terrorism as well as cyberspace. This is an unlawful act that attacks computer systems as well as networks. This research report gives a brief overview of what cyber terrorism is. It discusses about the challenges and problems that are encountered by the society due to this cyber attack. It also talks about the technologies that are relevant in this context as well as the application of these technologies. This report also points out the issues that are not given much importance. It also gives a brief explanation about the importance of these issues. . At the end this report gave a proper explanation about the lessons learnt. Discussion Cyber Terrorism This type of terrorist act is done over the Internet. Terrorist activities take place because of some kind of political or national influence (Ahmad, Yunos Sahib, 2012). There is no clear understanding behind the motive of terrorism. The cyber terrorists use the cyber space to get access to information and misuse the information for their own benefits. The result of the cyber terrorism can create the fear of traditional terrorist attacks. Some computer attacks can even lead to the death of people and infrastructural damage. The cyber terrorists tend to destroy the system and attack the interest of the civilians as well as the public sector people. The target of this terrorist attack is to have an impact on the political structure. These types of attacks are planned from before. There is convergence in the logic of terrorism as well as the cyberspace. Technology is responsible for making a connection between the physical and virtual world. Technology has weaknesses and these weakness es can be exploited by the attackers to take advantage of the system and harm the nation. Jihadists, insurgents and terrorist organizations have made use of the Internet in order to plan attacks and spread wrong messages among the society. They had disruptive purpose. There are vulnerabilities that exist in the system that can be exploited by the cyber terrorists. The act of computer fraud also falls under the category of cyber terrorism. They create access the information system in an unauthorized manner to gain access to sensitive data so that they can utilize the data for harming the social, religious, ideological, political as well as similar objectives. Denial of service attack cannot generate much fear in the nation but it has high potential for generating second and high order effects. Consider a situation where emergency and telecommunication services are stopped during a period of crisis, the impact of this can be catastrophic in nature. Cyberspace can be defined as the global domain that exists within the environment of information technology. Important information can be shared over the internet. This is a dangerous space and has vulnerabilities. Cyber terrorists focus on giving up the old techniques of attacking by weapons and make the use of the technology. The cyber terrorism can attack several targets like computer system, gover nment information system, data banks and oil refineries. Characteristics of Cyber Terrorism The cyber in the cyber terrorism is the virtual space or the internet (Torres Soriano, 2012). There are certain characteristics of cyber terrorisms like: It is executed over the cyberspace. The aim of the terrorist attack is ideological or political. Cyber terrorism is either violent in nature or it threatens violence. The psychological repercussions are beyond immediate targets or victims. This type of act is conducted by organization or a conspiracy cell or individuals who are influenced by any religious or ideological move. A non state entity plays a major role. Challenges and Problems The effects of any cyber terrorist attacks are extremely devastating in nature. It affects the entire nation as the infrastructures are totally dependent on the computer networks (Awan, 2014). The major problem that occurs due to cyber terrorism is the threat of national security. It also affects the public policy in a negative manner. This act is effective for terrorist groups. Technical Impediments: The authorities are unable to detect any type of terrorist activity over the internet (PakObserver, 2017). Internet features does not disclose the identity of the people and therefore this causes issues in tracing any type of criminal activity. Legislative Aspect: There are several laws for controlling the crime levels in the country. But these laws are not able to address properly any type of cyber terrorism act. Most of the laws do not include the use of internet technology. Partnership: Cooperation becomes a main issue because of cyber terrorism. This takes place because the fear of cyber terrorism creates a sense of unwillingness to share sensitive information among the organizations (Bogdanoski Petreski, 2013). This will create a sense of negativity and there will be issues in creating partnership between the public and private sectors. The System of Electric Power: One of the main targets of cyber terrorists is the power system. There are computer systems that control these systems (Tehrani, Manap Taji, 2013). If these controlling systems are attacked then it can disrupt and shut down the power supply. This could affect a society or nation. Money Transactions: Most of the people prefer perform online transaction of money. The terrorists can easily get access to the bank details and transfer money to their own country by affecting the economy of the victim country (Hua Bapna, 2013). Military Operations: Cyber terrorists can hack the system operated by the military and steal sensitive information later on to make a physical attack. Government Security: The government of the state can be in problem if the government information is stolen by the cyber terrorists. Relevant Technologies and its Applications in Cyber Terrorism Cyber terrorists make the most use of advanced technology in order to create terror. If a country is extremely advanced in technology then it is more prone to the attacks of the cyber terrorists. Terrorist organizations make the use of information and communication technology in order to gain power over the nation or state. ICT can be used for faster communication among the terrorist groups. Internet plays a major role in cyber terrorism. The terrorists use the internet to harm the nation and state (Abomhara, 2015). Internet has several advantages that help the community to survive and develop with time. But at the same time the vulnerabilities can be exploited by the terrorists to spread fear in the country. Malware tools are designed by the terrorist groups to get access to sensitive information (Luiijf, 2012). The information of the people is stored in several cloud servers that can be attacked in order to affect the entire nation. Mobile technology can be used by the Jihadists to spread some kind of propaganda regarding any political or ideological issue. This can influence the minds of the people. The computer systems can get attacked. The cyber terrorists can hack the computer and information system of a government site so that it can be used to get sensitive information for harming the state. There can be virus attacks and also denial of service attacks. The information technology plays a vital role in assisting the cyber terrorists to plan and execute cyber attacks and spreading fear over the internet (Jarvis, Macdonald Nouri, 2014). The internet can be used by terrorist groups to publish any type of wrong ideas for creating fear among the public. The terrorist groups can even find each other over the internet to plan a harmful act. Operational information can be hacked. Logistics operations are also possible by using internet. Bluetooth technology is also harmful because it helps to connect wireless devices and helps the terrorists to transmit information and creates propaganda. Use of social media platforms also assist in the act of cyber terrorism. The advancement of te chnology is increasing the chance of cyber terrorism. Cryptography is a technique of converting plain texts into cipher or encrypted text. It has several advantages. But it can be used in order to harm the nation as well. It can be a threat to the government. This technology can prevent the government from getting details about the attackers and will not be able to prevent the attack. Steganography is an act of hiding information and data inside objects. Organizations can use these tools to prevent any unauthorized access. Some images can contain secret data in them. This technology can be used by the cyber terrorists to exchange messages. Issues Discussed The cyber terrorists use the ICT to disrupt the systems and services in order to create fear in the nation. It uses the advanced technologies to spread threatening messages among the people of the nation (Manap Tehrani, 2012). There are several other issues like it can affect online transactions also. It uses disruptive activities to attack a computer system or network. Another major issue related to cyber terrorism is the attack of government system to harm the society (Chuipka, 2016). The terrorists can take the help of ICT to hack the system. Cyber terrorism is violent in nature and is designed for creating a psychological repercussion. It has political and ideological aim. Malware tools are designed by the terrorist groups to get access to sensitive information. The information of the people is stored in several cloud servers that can be attacked in order to affect the entire nation Important Issues that are not Addressed and its Impact The main focus was given on financial transaction and monetary issues. But there can be issues beyond that. Some of them are as follows: The System of Water Supply: The cyber terrorists can attack the flood gates of the dams. It is based on functional system and if they are attacked then it can result in the loss of lives of several people. There can be shut down in the supply of water. The System of Air Traffic Control: The emergency call system can be disrupted plus there can be delays in the flights due to the attack (Ackoski Dojcinovski, 2012). Healthcare Infrastructure: Most of the healthcare systems are dependent on the use of Internet. The cyber terrorists can attack such systems and harm the healthcare facilities of the entire society and nation (Harries Yellowlees, 2013). The health records and records regarding any insurance or medicines can be modified or removed. Important Lessons It can be seen that in this era of technology, people need the internet for the purpose of communication and other development purposes. ICT has several advantages. We have been familiar with the benefits of the use of ICT. But this research report has pointed out the harmful side of the advanced technologies also. Cyberspace is a huge space in the internet. There are several vulnerabilities in the internet. These vulnerabilities can be exploited by the attackers in order to harm the society. There are several types of attacks that can take place over the internet. There is a difference between cyber attack and cyber terrorism. Cyber terrorism aims to spread fear among the people in the nation or state. Cyber attacks are meant for stealing the data from an information system. The cyber terrorists use the ICT to disrupt the systems and services in order to create fear in the nation. It uses the advanced technologies to spread threatening messages among the people of the nation. Conclusion This research report concludes that the information and technological advances are responsible for the cause of cyber terrorism. This research report gave a brief overview of what cyber terrorism is. It discussed about the challenges and problems that are encountered by the society due to this cyber attack. It also gave a brief explanation about the importance of these issues. At the end this report gave a proper explanation about the lessons learnt. References Abomhara, M. (2015). Cyber security and the internet of things: vulnerabilities, threats, intruders and attacks.Journal of Cyber Security and Mobility,4(1), 65-88. Ackoski, J., Dojcinovski, M. (2012, June). Cyber terrorism and cyber-crimethreats for cyber security. InProceedings of First Annual International Scientific Conference, Makedonski Brod, Macedonia, 09 June 2012. MIT UniversitySkopje. Ahmad, R., Yunos, Z. (2012). A dynamic cyber terrorism framework.International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,10(2), 149. Ahmad, R., Yunos, Z., Sahib, S. (2012, June). Understanding cyber terrorism: The grounded theory method applied. InCyber Security, Cyber Warfare and Digital Forensic (CyberSec), 2012 International Conference on(pp. 323-328). IEEE. Alsaadi, E., Tubaishat, A. (2015). Internet of things: Features, challenges, and vulnerabilities.International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Information Technology,4(1), 1-13. Awan, I. (2014). Debating the Term Cyber-terrorism: issues and problems.Internet Journal of Criminology. ISSN,2045(6743), 1-14. Bogdanoski, M., Petreski, D. (2013). Cyber terrorismglobal security threat.Contemporary Macedonian Defense-International Scientific Defense, Security and Peace Journal,13(24), 59-73. Chuipka, A. (2016). The Strategies of Cyberterrorism. Graduate School of Public and International Affairs. 1(2). Harries, D., Yellowlees, P. M. (2013). Cyberterrorism: Is the US healthcare system safe?.Telemedicine and e-Health,19(1), 61-66. Hua, J., Bapna, S. (2013). The economic impact of cyber terrorism.The Journal of Strategic Information Systems,22(2), 175-186. Jarvis, L., Macdonald, S., Nouri, L. (2014). The cyberterrorism threat: Findings from a survey of researchers.Studies in Conflict Terrorism,37(1), 68-90. Luiijf, E. (2012). Understanding cyber threats and vulnerabilities. InCritical Infrastructure Protection(pp. 52-67). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Manap, N. A., Tehrani, P. M. (2012). Cyber Terrorism: Issues in Its Interpretation andEnforcement.International Journal of Information and Electronics Engineering,2(3), 409. PakObserver. (2017). Challenges of cyber terrorism. Retrieved 13 September 2017, from https://pakobserver.net/challenges-of-cyber-terrorism/ Tehrani, P. M., Manap, N. A., Taji, H. (2013). Cyber terrorism challenges: The need for a global response to a multi-jurisdictional crime.Computer Law Security Review,29(3), 207-215. Torres Soriano, M. R. (2012). The vulnerabilities of online terrorism.Studies in Conflict Terrorism,35(4), 263-277.